The Arcadian rhetorike

The Arcadian rhetorike: or The præcepts of rhetorike made plaine by examples Greeke, Latin, English, Italian, French, Spanish, out of Homers Ilias, and Odissea, Virgils Aeglogs, [...] and Aeneis, Sir Philip Sydnieis Arcadia, songs and sonets [...] By A. Fraunce.
Fraunce, Abraham, fl. 1587-1633.
1588
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A01224
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99853926
19329
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The Arcadian rhetorike: or The præcepts of rhetorike made plaine by examples Greeke, Latin, English, Italian, French, Spanish, out of Homers Ilias, and Odissea, Virgils Aeglogs, [...] and Aeneis, Sir Philip Sydnieis Arcadia, songs and sonets [...] By A. Fraunce.
Fraunce, Abraham, fl. 1587-1633.
[152+] p.
Printed by Thomas Orwin,
At London :
[1588]
Based on the rhetoric of Audomarus Talæus--STC. Publication date from STC.
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Rhetoric -- Early works to 1800.
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To the Right excellent and most honorable Ladie, the Ladie Marie, Countesse of Pembroke.
VOi, pia nympha, tuum, quem tolse la morte, Philippū,
AEdentem llenas coelestis melle palabras.
Italicum lumen, flowre of Fraunce, splendor Iberus,
Italicus Tasso, French Salust, Boscan Iberus,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
Virgil,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
Greekish Homer, tanto lati iunguntur
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Your Honors most affectionate. Abraham Fraunce.
The first Chapter of the first Booke.
UUhat Rhetorike is.
RHetorike is an Art of speaking. It hath two parts, Eloqution and Pronuntiation. Eloqution is the first part of Rhetorike, concerning the ordering & trīming of speach. It hath also 2. parts, Congruitie and Brauerie. Congruitie is that which causeth the speach to be pure and cohaerent: & it is performed either by Etimologie, which cōcerneth the affections of seuerall words: or Syntaxis, which dooth orderly conioyne them together. Heere should all Grammaticall rules (as
they call them) be placed: I omit them for this time, as being scarce resolued in this conceipt. Brauerie of speach consisteth in Tropes, or turnings; and in Figures or fashionings. A Trope or turning is when a word is turned from his naturall signification, to some other, so conuenientlie, as that it seeme rather willinglie ledd, than driuē by force to that other signification. This was first inuented of necessitie for want of words, but afterwards continued and frequented by reason of the delight and pleasant grace thereof. Sometimes these Tropes bee excessiue, signifying in word, more than can bee true in deed, and then are they tearmed Hyperboles. The excellencie of tropes is then most apparant, when either manie be fitlie included in one word, or one so continued in manie, as that with what thing it begin, with the same it also end: and then it is called an Allegorie or Inuersion. And so much of the general proprieties of tropes: now to the diuers kindes thereof.
Cap. 2. Of the Metonymia of the cause.
THere be two kindes of tropes. The first cōteineth Metonymia, the chāge of name: and Ironia, a scoffing or iesting speach the second comprehendeth a Metaphore and Synecdoche. Metonymia is a trope which vseth the name of one thing for the name of another that agreeth with it, as when the cause is turned to signifie the thing caused, the thing caused to signifie the cause, the subiect to expres the adiunct, or the adiūct the subiect. The Metonymia of the cause is double, of the efficient, or materiall cause: of the efficient, as when the Autor & inuentor is put for the things by him inuented & found.
Homer. 2. Iliad.
—
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virgil. 1. Aeneid.
Tum Cererem corruptam vndis, Cerealiáque arma
Expediunt—
and
1. Georg.
Aut dulcis musti Vulcano decoquit humorem.
Sir Philip Sydney in the 2. Act of Arcadia, speaking of the furious multitude.
Bacchus they say was begotten of thunder, I thinke that euer since made him so full of stirre and debate; Bacchus indeed it was, which sounded the first trumpet of this rude alarum.
2. Act.
Therefore, Alas, you vse vile Vulcans spite
Which nothing spares, to melt that virgins wax,
Which while it is, it is all A siaes light.
3. Act.
More white than Neptunes fomie face
When strugling rocks he would embrace.
4. Act. Philanax speaking of Pyrocles, and Philoclea.
The violence the Gentleman spake of, is now turned to mariage: he alleadged Mars, but she speakes of Venus.
Torquat. Tasso in his Godfrey of Boloigne: the first song speaking of Clorinda.
A i lauori d' Aracne, à l' ago, à i fusi
Inclinar non degnò la man superba.
Salust in his Semaine, the first day.
La terre de tout temps n'est ceinte de Neptune.
The 5 day.
Contre l'ire du ciel, et la fureur de Mars.
Boscan. 3. booke.
Consus ondas Neptuno, &c.
And here it is vsuall, nay necessarie, for wāt of words, to put the Autors name for
the booke by him made. So it is in a certaine Epistle written to Boscan, lib. 3.
Vendrias tu: y Hieronymo, Augustin,
Partes del alma mia à descansar,
De vuestros pensamientos.
The Metonymia of the materiall cause is, when the matter is put for the thing thereof made.
Hom. T. Il.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. Aen. 1.
Spumas salis are ruebant.
Georg. 2.
Vt gemmà bibat, & sarrhano dormiat ostro.
Aegl. 1.
Syluestrem tenui musam meditaris auena.
And
Ludere quae vellem calamo permisit agresti.
And
Stridenti miserum stipula disperdere carmen.
And
Hanc nos, hac fragilis donauimus antè cicuta.
And
Agrestem tenui meditabor arundine musam.
Sir Philip Sydney Act 4.
Who euermore will loue Apolloes quill?
Torquat. Tass. 1. Song.
Geme il vicino mar sotto l'incarco
De l'alte naui, e de' piu lieui pini.
2. Song Alete saith.
Cosi potente armata in vn racorre,
Ch' à questi legni tuoi si possa opporre?
Salust in his historie of Iudith. 1. Booke.
Dans le champ de Ragan se campent vn matin
Les ots des plus grands rois qu'oncques Mars le mutin,
Arma d'ire et de fer.
Garcilasso 1. Aeglog.
Espera que en tornando,
A ser restituido,
Al ocio ya perdido,
Luego veras exercitar mi pluma,
Por la innumerable suma,
De tus virtudes y famosas obras, &c.
And
there.
El arbor de victoria,
Quae cine estrechamente
Tugloriosa srente. &c.
Cap. 3. Of the Metonymia of the thing caused.
THe Metonymia of the thing caused is when we attribute that to the efficient which is made by the efficient. And hereof come most of Poets and Orators Epithetes.
Homer. A. Iliad.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Et
16. Odyss.
—
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Vir. 6. Aen.
Pallentès
que
habitant morbi, tristis
que
senectus.
2. Georg.
Auxilium venit, ac membris agit atra venena.
Et
3.
— artus depascitur arida febris.
4. Aen.
Et cum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus.
Sir P. Syd 2. Act.
Nay euen cold death inflamd with hot desire
Her to enioy where ioy it selfe is thrall,
Will spoyle the earth of her most rich attire.
Torquato Tasso. 1. Song.
Dun
que
in te sola,
•…
piglio colui,
Cadera l'ira mia vendicatrice.
Et
2.
Ilfuror pazzo, e la discordia fera.
Salust 6. booke of Iudith.
Et qu' ore le deuoir la peur tremblante donte.
Boscan. 1.
Siento pena tan mortal
Que con ansia desy gual
Me muero por me morir.
Cap. 4. Of the Metonymia of the subiect.
THe Metonymia of the subiect, is when the word that properlie signifieth the subiect is brought to expresse the thing adioyned thereunto, as when the thing that containeth is put for that which is
contained, the place for the thing therein placed, the possessor for the thing possessed.
Homer. 1. Iliad.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
4. Odyss. Telemachus to Nestor.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. Aen. 2.
Inuadunt vrbem somno vino
que
sepultam.
Aen. 2.
—Iam proximus ardet
Vealegon.
i. Vealegons house.
Aeneid. 1. Of Bitias carowsing.
Ille impiger hausit
Spumantem pateram, & pleno se proluit auro.
Georg. 2.
Casta pudicitiam seruat domus.
Georg. 4.
—dulcem nidis immitibus escam.
Aen. 1.
Gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum nauigat aquor,
Ilium in Italiam portans, victósque penates.
Sir Philip Sydney 1.
Here ye do find in truth this strange operation of Loue,
How to the wood loue rūs, as well as rides to the Pallace.
Torquat. Tass. 1. Song.
Sic habbian tante, è tante in si poch' anni
Ribellanti prouincie à lui sommesse.
And in another place.
Altri Inghilterra, e Francia, & altri Olanda,
E la fertil Sicilia altri ne manda.
2. Of A'rmida.
Mane la bocca, ond' esce aura amorosa,
Sola rosseg'gia e semplice la rosa.
Salust 1. Iudith. The people crieth to God.
Veus-tu que derechef l'idolatre Caldee,
Sous vn ioug tyrannique accable ta Iudee?
Boscan 3. Booke.
Los altares delante estauan puestos,
Ardiendo encima d'ellos toda Arabia.
Cap. 5. Of the Metonymia of the adiunct.
A Metonymia of the adiunct, is, when by the adiunct we expresse the subiect. So the names of vertues & vices are vsed for vertuous or vicious men: the signe for the thing which it doth signifie: the adiūct of the time for the things subiect, &c.
Homer. N. Il.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
So in
6. Odyss.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
for Alcinous himself.
V. Ae. 1.
Quis genus Aeneadûm, quis Troiae nesciat vrbē,
Virtutésque, virósque, & tanti incendia belli?
Aeneid. 1.
Haud aliter puppés
que
tua, pubés
que
tuorum, &c.
Aeneid. 1.
Aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis.
Georg. 1.
Impia
que
aternam timuerunt saecula noctem.
Aglog. 1.
—libet Partho torquere Cydonia cornis Spicula.
Sir Philip Sidney 5. Musidorus to Euarchus.
Howsoeuer it bee, my death shall triumph ouer thy crueltie.
Torquat. Tass. 2 Song of Olindo and Sophronia.
Ma il sospettoso tèstimo periglio
Tanta virtù congiunta hauer vicina,
Onde, com'egli volse, ambo in essiglio
Oltre à i termini andar di Palestina.
Salust 5. Semain.
Et qu'encor toute voix, et tout style, & tout age,
Louangeassent l'ouurier, en louant son ouurage.
And
7.
Clerement on conut que ta saincte iustice
Preserue l'innocence, & chastie le vice.
Boscan. 3.
Pero viniendo à nuestro presupiesto,
Digo tambien que el no marauillarse
Es proprio de iuizio bien compuesto.
And
2. speaking of Italie.
La qual es vna tierra muy floreciente de ingenios, de letras, de iuizios, y de grandes escritores.
Cap. 6. of Ironia.
IRonia is a Trope, that by naming one contrarie intendeth another. The speciall grace whereof is in iesting and merie conceipted speaches. This trope continued maketh a most sweet allegorie, and it is perceiued by the contrarietie of the
matter it selfe, or by the manner of vtterance quite differing from the sense of the wordes, for then it is apparant that wee speake but iestinglie, and not as wee thinke.
Homer. Iliad. Π. Patroclus, when Cebrion fell from his Chariot
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Vir 4. Aen.
Egregiā verò laudem, et spolia ampla refertis,
Tu
que
puer
que
tuus, magnum & memorabile numen,
Vna dolo diuúm si foemina victa duorum est.
3. Aeglog.
Tum, credo, cum me arbustum vidêre Myconis,
Atque mala vites incidere falce nouellas, &c.
8. Aeg.
Mopso Nisa datur. Quid non speremus amanteat
Iungentur iam gryphes equis: oeuóque sequenti
Cum canibus timidae venient ad pocula damae. &c.
•…
digno coniuncta viro. &c.
Aeneid. 2.
Cui Pirrhus, referes ergo haec, & nuncius ibi
•…
Pelidae genitori, illi mea tristia facta,
Degenerém
que
Neoptolemum narrare memento:
Nunc morere.
And
in another place.
quando tot stragis aceruos
Teucrorum tua dextra dedit.
and
Istic nunc metuende iace
and
quam bello Troiane petisti
Italiam metire iacens.
Sir Philip Sid. a continued Ironia betweene Pas and Nico.
Nico.
Who doubts but Pas fine pipe againe will bring
The auncient praise to Arcade shepheards skill?
Pan is not dead, since Pas begins to sing.
Pas.
Who euermore will loue Apolloes quill,
Since Nico doth to sing so widely gape?
Nico his place faire better furnish will.
Nico.
Was this not he who for Cyringaes scape
Raging in woes, first Pastors taught to plaine?
Doo you not heare his voyce and see his shape?
Pas.
This is not he, that failed her to gaine
Which made a bay, made bay a holy tree:
But this is one that doth his musicke staine.
3. Of Mopsa.
So that the pretie pig, laying her sweet burden about his necke; my Dorus, sayd she, tell me these wonders.
In the same booke Philoclea saith.
O kind mother of mine, said she, did you bestowe the light vpon me for this? or did you beare me to bee the author of my buriall? A trim purchase you haue made of your owne shame, robbed your daughter, to ruine your selfe.
In 4. Timantus of Philanax.
O notable affection, for the loue of the father, to kill the wife, and disenherite the children. O single minded modestie, to aspire to no lesse, than to the princelie Diademe.
Torquat. Tass 7. Argante, saith.
O gente inuitta: ò popolo guerriero
D' Europa: vn' huomo solo è che visfida.
Venga Tancredi homai, che par si fiero:
Se ne la sua virtú tanto si fida:
O vuol, giacendo in piume, aspettar forse
La notte, ch' altra volta à lui soccorse?
In 16. Vbaldo calleth Rinaldo.
Egregio campion d' vna fanciulla.
Salust 1. Semaine.
Composes hardiment, ò sages Grecs, les cieux
D'vn cinquieme element: disputes curieux,
Qu'en leur corps par tout rōd l'oeil humain ne remarque
Commancement, ny fin: debates que la parque
Asseruit seulement sous ses cruelles loix
Ce que l'astre argenté reuoid de mois en mois:
Le foyble estayement de si vaine doctrine
Pourtant ne sauuera ce grand tout de ruine.
Boscan 2. Booke.
Que vfaneza ta man̄a
os parece Sennora poruentura,
triumfando de mi sangre lleuar gloria?
que gran famaos procura,
tender contrami solo vuestrasanna?
THere is also a kinde of Ironia called
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
in Greek, Praeteritio in Latin, a kinde of pretēded omitting or letting slip of that which indeed wee elegātly note out in the verie shewe of praetermission, as when we say; I let this passe;
I passe it ouer with silence. Like vnto this is that which is called of the Graecians
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
, of the Latinists Negatio, a denial or refusall to speake, as, I will not say that which I might, I will not call you, &c. when neuerthelesse we speake and tell al.
Homer. Il 1. Achilles to his mother.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
;
V. 1. Ae
Quid memorē infand as caedes, quid facta tyranni
Essera?
and
10. Aen.
Quid repetam exustas Erycino in littore classes?
Quid tempestatum regem, ventosque furentes
Aeolia excitos, aut actam nubibus Irim?
Geor. 2.
Quid tibs odorato reseramsudantia ligno
Balsamáque & baccas semper frondentis Acanthi?
Quid nemora Aethiopum molli canentia lana,
Velleraque vt folijs depectant tenuia Seres?
Sixt Aeglog.
Quid loquar aut Scyllam Nisi? aut quāfamasequuta a est
Candida succinct am latrantibus inguina monstris
Dulichias vexasse rates & gurgite in alto,
Ah, timidos nautas cambus lacerasse marinis?
Aut vt mutatos Terei narrauerit artus?
Quas illi Philomela dapes, quae dona pararit,
Quo cursu desert a petiuerit, & quibus antè
Infoelix sua tecta, superuolitauerit alis?
Geor. 1.
Non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opre,
Non mihi, si linguae centum sint, oraque centum,
Ferrea vox, &c.
Sir P. Syd. 2. of Musidorus.
To tell you what pitifull mishaps fell to the yong Prince of Macedon his cosyn, I shoulde too much fill your eares with strange horrors: neither will I stay vpon those laboursom aduentures, nor lothsom misaduentures, to which and through which his fortune and courage conducted him: my speach hasteth it selfe to come to the point of all Musidorus misfortunes.
Torquat Tass. 8. Song.
Taccio, ch'oue il bisogne, c'l tempo chiede
Pronta man, pensier fermo, animo andace,
Alcuno iui di noi primo si veds
Portar, fràmille morti, ò ferro, o face.
And,
Taccio, chefu da l'arme, è da l'ingegno
Del
〈◊〉
Tancreds la Cilicia doma.
2. Clorinda saith.
Ma taccio questo, e taccio i segni espress
•…
Ond' argomento l'innocentia in ess
•…
.
Salust 3 Semain.
Que diray-ie de toy, ô fontaine Sclauonne?
Que diray-ie de toy, ô source de Dodone?
Else where,
Ie tairay la Geiette, & le marbre, & l'ardoise,
Ie tairay pour se coup la croupe Oromenoise.
And
4.
Ie ne veux mettre en ieu les diuerses saisons,
Que causa le soleil en changeant de maisons.
Ie tairay que iamais la torche iournaliere
Ne destobe à not yeux en plain iour sa lumiere.
Que quel
que
grand eclipse, & qu'endor Alecton
N'exile pour vn temps des regnes de Pluton,
La beequetante faim, la trahison funeste,
La sanglante Enyon, & la puuaise peste,
Pour des border sur nous vne mer de douleurs,
Et noyer l'vniuers & de sang & de pleurs.
l'oublieray que la mer senslè & se diminue
Parl'accroist & descroit del' estoile cornue.
I remember nothing in Boscan or Garcilasso fit for this purpose.
Cap. 7. Of a Metaphore.
THus much of the first kind of trope in Metonymia and Ironia: now followeth the second, containing a Metaphore and Synecdoche. A Metaphore is when the like is signified by the like: so then a Metaphore is nothing but a similitude contracted into one word. There is nò trope more florishing thā a Metaphore, especially if it be applied to the senses, & among the senses chiefly to the éie, which is the quickest of all the senses.
Homer, Il. 1. Calchas of Agamemnon.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Else where.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
And of Nester.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. Aen. 4.
—spem fronte serenas.
Else where.
Magnóque irarum fluctuat aestu.
Aeglog 4.
Te duce, siqua marens sceleris vestigia nostri
Irris a perpetua soluent formidine terras.
Georg. 1.
Omnia ventorum concurrere praelia vidi.
And,
Sapè etiam immensum caelo venit agmen aquarum.
And,
Nunc nemora ingenti vento, nunc littera plangunt.
Aegl. 3.
Et nunc omnis ager, nunc omnis parturit arbos,
Nunc frendent sylua, nunc formosissimus annus.
Georg. 3.
—ruúnt que effusi carcere currus.
And
—at fulua nimbus arena
Tollitur.
And,
—gressus glomerare superbas.
Aen. 2.
Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus.
Aen. 4.
—est mollis flamma medullas
Intereà, & tacitum viuit sub pectore vulnus.
Vritur infoelix Dido, tot aque vagatur
Vrbe furens.
Aen. 12.
—it toto turbids coelo
Tempestas telorum, & ferreus ingruit imber.
And there of Aeneas.
—ir arúmque emnes effundit habenas.
And,
Fulminas Aeneas.
And,
—nunc, nunc
Fluctuas ira intus.
Sir Philip Syd. 23. Son.
—Alas the race
Of all my thoughts, hath neither stop, nor start,
But onely Stellaes eyes, and Stellaes hart.
Of Pyrocles. 1. Ar.
For besides his eies sometimes euen great with teares.
In the same place.
And might perceiue in him store of thoughts, rather stirred than digested.
2.
And the extreame bents of my affection, which wil either break out in words, or breake my heart.
Elsewhere.
The muddie minde of Dametas, hee found most easely stirred with couetousnesse.
Elsewhere.
Began to throw her thoughts into each corner of her inuention.
Elsewhere of Basilius.
Each coffer or cupboord he met, one saluted his shinnes, another his elbowes, Iometimes readie in reuenge to strike thē againe with his face.
4. Of Damet as when his wife Miso had beaten him.
She gaue him the woodden salutation you heard of.
Torquat. Tass. 1. Song.
Cio ch'alma generosa alletta, èpunge:
Cio che puo risuegsiar virtu sopsta.
In another place Goffredo saith.
Mafù de pensier nostri vltimo segno
Espugnar di Sion le nobil mura:
Esottrarrei Christian dal giogo indegno
Diseruitu cosi spiacente, è dura:
Fondande in Palestina vn nouo regne
Ou' habbia la pietà sede sicura.
3 Song.
I defensori à grandinar le pierre
Da l'alte mura in guisa incominciaro.
Elsewhere.
Che nulla teme la sicur a testa
O di sassi, ò di strai, nembo, ò tempesta.
4.
Vela il souerchio ardir con la vergogna,
E sa manto del vere à la menzogna.
There of Armida.
Esce de vaghe labbra aurea catena
Che l'alme à suo voler prendè, & affrena.
And in another place.
En voce di Sirena à i suoi concenti
Addorment ar le più suegliate menti.
Salust 4. Semaine.
Mes vers conceus en peine, en liesse enfantez.
In the same, of the sunne.
Car à chaque pais dans l'espace d'un iour
Tu donnes le bon soir, tu donnes le bon-iour.
Boscan. 1
Amor, dolor, y cuydado,
sus penas en conueniencia
publicaran la sententia,
yo que soi el condenado,
porne solo la presencia.
But hyperbolicall amplifications & allegories haue singular excellēcie in a Metaphore, & therefore commonly they are
here most vsuall: and by these hyberbolicall metaphores the speach is made very loftie and full of maiestie, when we attribute life and action, to dead and senselesse things.
Homer. Odyss. 8. Vlisses saith.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Iliad. 2.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. Aen 1.
—geminí
que
minantur
In coelum scopuli.
10.
—Pontem indignatus Araxes.
3. Aeneid of Charybdis.
—& sidera verberat vnda.
And,
Ter spumam elisam, & rorantia vidimus astra.
5 Aegl.
Daphni tuum Paenos etiam ingemuisse leones
Interitum, montésque feri syluae
que
loquuntur.
2. Geor.
Sinon ingentem foribus domus alta superbis
Manè salutantum totis vomit aedibus vndam.
4. Georg.
—Caesar dum magnus ad altum
Fulminat Euphraten bello.
2 Aen.
At domus interior gemitu, miseróque tumultu
Miscetur, penitúsque caua plangoribus aedes
Foemineis vlulant: ferit aurea sydera clamor.
Sir Philip Syd. 2. of Musidorus.
But alas, to what a sea of miseries my plentifull tongue doth lead me?
3. of Miso.
She that could before scarco go, but supported by crowches, now flew about the house borne vp with the wingsof anger▪
Torquat. Tass. 1. of Rinaldo.
Se'l miri fulminar ne l'arme accolto,
Marte lo stimi: Amor S'ei scopre il volto.
2. Of Argante, parue &c.
Et che ne gli occhi horribili gli ardesse
La gran face d'Aletto, & di Megera.
And there.
E'n cotal' atto il rimirò Babelle
Alzar la fronte, e minacciar le stelle.
6. Song
Lampo nel fiammeggiar, nol romor tuono,
Fulmini nel ferir le spade sono.
8.
Lampi, e folgori arde an nel regio aspetto
Mentr' ei parlò di maestà, d'horrore.
Salust. 3. Sem.
—mais voy comme la mer
Me iette en mille mers, ou ie crains d'abismer.
1. Of Iudith.
Son palais, que sembloit d'vn front audacieux,
Et mespriser la terre, & menacer les cieus.
1. Semaine, of God.
Il fait de l'Ocean deces douces largesses
Regorger, liberal, mille mers de richesses.
Boscan.
El sentir de mi sentido
tan profundo ha nauegado,
que me tiene ya engolfado
donde viuo despedido
de salir à pie ni à nado.
Allegoriis.
Homer. Π Achilles to Patroclus.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Iliad Ρ. Aiax to Menelaus.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
And,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Vir. 2. Aen. of a wilde ash cut downe.
—illa vsque minatur,
Et tremefacta comam concusso vertice nutat,
Vulneribus donec paulatim euicta, supremum
Congemuit, traxitque iugis auulsa ruinam.
Sir Phil. Syd. 1. Of Pyrocles.
And when with pitie once his hart was made tender, according to the aptnes of the humor, it receiued straight a cruell impression, of that wonderfull passion, which to be defined is impossible. &c.
And,
And herewith the deep wound of his loue, being rubbed afresh with this new vnkindnes, began as it were to blee'd againe, in such sort, that he was vnable to beare it any longer.
The same Pyrocles when he was clad with the habit of the Amazon.
Transformd in shew, but more transformd in mind
I cease to striue, with double conquest foyld:
For, woe is me, my powers all I find.
With outward force, and inward treason spoyld.
For from without came to mine eyes the blowe
Whereto mine inward thoughts did faintlie yield:
Both these conspird poore reasons ouerthrowe,
False in my selfe thus haue I lost the field.
Torquat Tass 1.
Tu magnanimo Alfonso, il qual ritogli
Al furor di fortuna, e guidi in porto
Me peregrino errante, e frà li scogli▪
E frà onde agitato, e quasi absorto.
Salust. 7 day.
Dieu est le president, qui par tout à iustice
Haute, moyenne, & basse, & qui sans auarice,
Ignorance, faueur, crainte,
•…
pect, courroux
Ses arrests sans appel prononce contre nous.
1.
Tout beau, muse, tout beau, d'un si profond Neptune
Ne sonde point le fond: garde toy d'approcher
Ce Charybde glouton, ce Caphare rocher,
Ou mainte nef, suyuant la raison pour son ourse,
A fait triste naufrage au milieu de la course.
Qui voudra seurement par ce gouffre ramer,
Sage n'aille iamais cingler en haure mer:
Ains costoye la ryue, ayant la foy pour voile,
L'esprit saint pour nocher, la Bible pour estoile.
Cap. 8. Of Synecdoche of the part.
SYnecdoche is when the name of the whole is giuē to the part, or the name of the part to the whole. Synecdoche of the part is, when by a part wee meane
the whole, and it is either of the member or of the speciall. Of the member, when by one integrall member the whole is signified.
Homer. 1. Iliad.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. 1. Aen.
Haud aliter puppes
que
tuae, pubes
que
tuorum.
Aeglog. 5.
Candidus insuetum miratur limen Olympi.
Sir P. Sydney 2. of Basilius.
Basilius hauing combd, and trickt himselfe more curiouslie, than any times fortie winters before.
Torquat. Tass. 2. of Sophronia.
Non speri più ds ritrouar perdono
Cor pudico, alta mente, e nobil volto.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
Combien d'espris subtils out le mond abuse.
Pour auoir c'est esprit pour patron refusè?
Boscan 3.
Yarompere las ondas de Neptuno
Yla proraporne contra los vientos
De Eolo? In another place.
Alma gentil dignissima de impero,
Y que de sola vos cantasse Homero.
Cap. 9. Of Synecdoche of the speciall.
THe Synecdoche of the speciall is when by the speciall we note the generall, so we put a finite number for a great one; so the singuler for the plurall.
Vir. 3. Geor.
Haud secus ac patrijs acer Romanus in armis.
4. AEg.
Alter erit tam Typhis, et altera quae vehat, Argo,
Delectos heroas, erunt etiam altera bella,
Atque iterum ad Troiam magnus mittetur Achilles.
1. Georg.
Ter centum niuei tondent dumet a iuuenci.
4 AEg.
Mille mea Siculis errant in montibus agua.
Sir P. Syd. 1. Dorus of Loue.
Neither he shews reuerence to a Prince, nor mercie to begger.
Torquat. Tass. 1.
S'egli auuerra ch' in pace
Il buon popol di Christo vnqua si veda,
Et con naui, e caualli al fero Trace
Cerchi ritor la grand' ingiusta preda.
2. Song.
Qui mille immondi Arpie vedresti, e mille
Centauri, e Sfingi, e pallide Gorgoni:
Molte, e molte latrar voraci Scille.
E fischiar Hidre, e sibilar Pitoni:
E vomitar Chimere atre fauille:
E Polifemi horrendi, e Gerioni
En noui mostri, e non più'ntesi, ò visti
Diuersi aspetti in vn confusi e misti.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
Auant qu' Eure souflat, quel' onde eut des poissons.
And,
Pour lire là dedans il ne nous saut entendre
Cent sortes de iargons: il ne nous faut apprendre
Les characteres Turcs, de Memphe les pourtrets,
Ni les poincts des Hebrieux, ni les notes de grees.
L'antarctique brutal. le vagabond Tartare,
L'Arabe plus cruel, le Scythe plus barbare,
L'ensant qui n'a sept ans, le chaissieux viellard,
Y lit passablement, bien que despourueu d'art.
2.
Tous ces doctes esprits, dont la voix flateresse
Change Hecube en Helene, & Faustine en Lucresse.
3.
Ne fait d'vne formy vn Indois Elephant,
D'vn mol Sardanapale vn Hercule triomphant,
D'vn Thersite vn Adon, & ne prodigue encore
D'vn discours impudentle losd' Alceste à Flore.
Boscan. 3.
Si alli fuera Leandro Palinuro,
O no fuera Leandro, claro viera
Elpeligro que el tiempo amenazaua.
Cap. 10. Of Synecdoche of the Integrall.
THe Synecdoche of the whole, is when by the whole we meane a part, and it is either of the integrall whole, or generall and vniuersall. Of the integrall,
when by the whole integrall we meane a part.
Homer. Odiss.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Vir Aen. 1.
Ardentes
que
auertit equos in castra, priusquàm
Pabula gustassent Troiae, Xanthum
que
bibissent.
2. Aeg.
Ante pererratis amborum finibus exul
Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tigrim.
10. Aeg.
Nec sifrigoribus medijs Hebrum
que
bibamus,
Sith
•…
as
que
niues hyemis subeamus aquosa.
Sir P. Syd. 2.
As if the stars would breath themselues for a greater mischiefe.
Torquat. Tass. 4.
Come sonanti, e terbide procelle,
Che vengan fuor de le natie lor grotte
Ad oscurare il cielo, e portar guerra
Aigran regni del mare, & de la terra.
Salust 1. Semaine.
Combien d'espris subtils out le monde abusè.
Pour auoir c'est esprit pour patron refusè?
Garcilass. AEglog 1.
El arbol de victoria,
que cinne estrechamente
tugloriosa frente?
Cap. 11. Of Synecdoche of the generall.
THe Synecdoche of the generall is when by the generall we intend the speciall, so the plurall for the singuler, so the Poet for Virgil.
Homer. Il. 1.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
And,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Vir Aeg 1
Tityre tu patula recubans sub tegmine fagi.
And,
Ille meas errare boues, vt cernis, & ipsum
Lude
•…
equae vellem calamo permisit agresti.
Sir P. Syd. 1.
Vile creature, said she, laying her hand vppon her sword, force me not to defile this sword in thy base blood.
And 1.
So if my man must praises haue,
What then must I that keepe the knaue?
Torquat. Tass. 1.
Ma poi c'hebbe di questi, e d'altricori
Scorti gl'intimi sensi il rè del mondo.
Salust 4. Semaine.
Et nos deportemens dignes cent & cent foits
Du pleur Ephesien, & du rire Abderois.
Boscan.
〈◊〉
.
Passando el mar Le andro el animoso
En amoroso suego todo ardiendo.
Thus much for Tropes, whereof the most excellent is a Metaphore; the next, Ironia, then Metonymia; lastlie, Synecdoche: The most vsuall also is a Metaphore, then a Metonymia, next, Synecdoche, lastlie, Ironia. Metonymia, Metaphora, and Synecdoche oftentimes concurre together.
Cap. 12. Of Figures.
NOw of Figures. A figure is a certeine decking of speach, whereby the vsual and simple fashion thereof is altered and changed to that which is more elegant and conceipted. For as a Trope is of single wordes, so a Figure of coopled and conioyned: and as of words, some bee proper▪ some turned, so of speaches, some bee simple and naturall, some finelie fashioned and figured artificiallie. A figure is either in the word, or in the sentence. A figure of the word is that,
whereby the words doo sweetlie and fitlie sound among themselues. In these figures especially consisteth the conceipted pleasance and delicacie of speach.
Cap. 13. Of verse and rime.
THe figure of words consisteth either in the iust dimension and measuring of sounds or words, or els in the pleasant repetition of the same. This dimension or measuring is either belonging to Poets, or vsed of Orators. Poeticall dimension is that which is bound to the continuall obseruation of prescript spaces. Poetical dimension maketh either rime, or verse. Rime containeth a certaine number of sillables ending alike.
Sir P. Syd.
My hart my hand, my hand hath giuen my hart
The giuer giuen from guilt shall neuer part.
Cap. 14.
VErse or meter is a poeticall dimension comprehending certaine feete setled
in certaine places. A foote is a dimension of certaine syllables with a strict obseruation of distinct time or quantitie. A foote is either of two syllables, or three, and both of them either simple or compound. The simple one of two sillables, is Spondaeus, cōsisting of two long sillables, as, εγω· Musas: Learning: Tutta: Chacun: Obras. Or Pyrrichius, conteining 2. short sillables: as, λογοσ: Deus: Pretie: oue: amys: mia. The compound one of two sillables, is either Iambus, of one short & one long, as,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: deos: reuenge: tuoi: seras: aguas: or Choreus, of one long and one short, as
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: arma: noble: notte: vaincre: porne. The simple one of three Syllables is either Molossus of three long Syllables, as
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: Romanos: Transformings: Diuiso: Effrayè: Contemplando: or Trochaeus of three short,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: legere: pretelie: huomini: alme Venus: que cosa: The compound one of three sillables consisteth of two sillables like or vnlike: the feete of two like sillables are twice two, Dactylus, of one long & two short, as,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: Tityre: companie: matino: alme Venus: vidamia:
and Anapoestus of two▪ short & one long, as,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: fluuios: monument: non era peccato: resónant: que principio. Bacchius of one short & two long, as
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: Athenas: reseruing: ritorna: rechanter: palabras: & Palimbacchius, of two long and one short, as
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: cantare: almightie: parlare: vers digne: estressa. Now the feete of two vnlike are but two, Creticus, of a lōg, a short, and a long, as
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: Indies: impotent: vita sincera: digne vers: causa secreta: and Amphibrachus: of one short, one long, & one short, as,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
: amare: disorder: amore: benigne: palabra. Thusmuch of feet, by the dimension wherof a verse is made. In a verse, sometimes a vowell, or this letterm, or both bee cut off in the ende of a word, if the next word begin with a vowell. The last sillable in a verse is commō, either long or short. There be many kinds of verses, and may be more: those that be now in vse may be referred to these two generall heads, a simple verse and a compound. The simple cōsisteth onely of two feete, as Adonium, of a Dactylus and Spondaeus.
Nubibm atris
condita nullum
fundere possunt
sydera lumen.
Feare is a greater
plague to the fearfull,
than be the greatest
plagues that he feareth.
The compound of more than two, as Tetrametrum of foure, and Polymetrum of more than foure. Tetrametrum is that which is called Asclepiade, of a Molossus, Anapoestus, and two Dactyli, as
Moecenas atauis aedite regibus, &c.
Sir Philip Sydney 2: Dorus.
O sweete woods the delight of solitarinesse:
O how much I doo like your solitarinesse:
Here no treason is hid vailed in innocence,
Nor flattrers venymous insinuations,
Nor cunning humorists pudled opinions,
Nor time pratled away, cradle of ignorance, &c.
Polymetrum is either Pentametrum of fiue, or Hexametrum of sixe. Pentameters bethree: first a Phaleucium of a Spondaeus, a Dactylus, and three Chorei, as
Passer delitiae meae puellae.
Sir Philip Sydney 2.
Reason tell me thy minde if here be reason,
In this strange violence to make resistance,
Where sweete graces erect the stately banner
Of vertues regiment, shining in harnesse
Of fortunes diademes, by beautie mustred▪
Say then, Reason▪ I say, what is thy counsalle?
Her loose haires be the shot, the breasts the pikes be,
Scoutes each motion is, the hands the horsemen,
Her lippes are the riches the warres to maintaine,
Where well couched abides a coffer of pearle:
Her leggs carriage is of all the sweete campe,
Say then, &c.
Her canons be her eyes, mine eyes the walls be,
Which at first volee gaue open entrie,
No rampier did abide, my traine was vpblowne,
Vnderminde with a speach the piercer of thoughts:
Thus weakned by my selfe, no helpe remaineth,
Say then, &c.
And now Fame the herald of her true honor
Doth proclaime with a sound made al by mens mouths,
That Nature soueraigne of earthly dwellers,
Commands all creatures to yeeld obeysance,
Vnder this, this her owne, her onely dearling
Say then, &c.
Reason sighes, but in ende he thus doth answere,
Naught can reason auaile in▪ heauenly matters.
Thus natures diamond receaue thy conquest,
Thus pure pearle I doo yeeld my senses and soule,
Thus sweete paine I doo yeeld, what ere I can yeeld,
Reason looke to thy selfe, I serue a Goddesse.
Comes de Alcinois.
Encore France se veut trauailler en vain,
En vaine France se veut trauailler encore,
De chanter vn amour, de chanter vn Dieu.
&c.
Secondly a Sapphike, of Choreus, Spondaeus, Dactylus, and two Chorei, where we must obserue, that after euery such third
verse, one Adoniū
be added thereunto, as
Iam satis terris niuis, atque dira
Grandinis misit pater, & rubento
Dextera sacras iaculatus arces
terruit vrbem.
Sir Philip Sydney 1. Cleophila looking on Philoclea, speaketh to Hope.
If mine eyes can speake to doo heartie arrant,
Or mine eyes language she doo hap to iudge of,
So that eyes message be of her receiued:
Hope, we doo liue yet.
But if eyes faile then, when I most doo need them,
Or if eyes language be not vnto her knowne,
So that eyes message doo returne reiected,
Hope, we doo both dye.
Yet dying and dead doo we sing her honour,
So become our tombes monuments of her praise,
So become our losses the triumph of her gaine,
Hers be the glorie, &c.
Remy Belleau hath some of this kind, as
Ie fremis tremblant, le frisson me saisist,
Palle ie blesmis comme l'herbe des champs,
Sans chaleur, sans poux, d'amoreuse langueur
Presq ie transis, &c.
Thirdly and lastly, Elegum, or the Elegiacall verse of a Dactylus or Spondaeus, in the first place, and in the third place of a Spondaeus with two Anapaesti.
Turpe quid ausurus, te, sine teste, time.
Sir Philip Sydney 4.
Passion vnto my rage, rage to a hastie reuenge.
The Hexameter is most famous, consisting of Dactylus or Spondaeus indifferently in all the foure first places: but in the fifth place, of a Dactylus onely, as
Gratior est pulchro veniens è corpore virtus.
And,
O formose puer, nimium ne crede colori.
Sir Philip Sydney 1.
First shal a trustie Grehound transforme himselfe to a Tyger.
The Pentameter is neuer lightly separated from the Hexameter, but this is oftentimes seuered from that. Hexameters ioyned with Pentameters be, as
Nescio quid plus est, quod donat saecula chartis,
Victurus genium debet habere liber.
Well, but faultie I was, reason to my passion eelded,
Passion vnto my rage, rage to a hastie reuenge.
Tutta notte piou, il matino chiaro ritorna,
Diuis il mondo con Ioue Caesar haue.
Nocte pluit tota, &c.
Iodelle.
Phoebus, Amour, Cypris, veut sauueur, nourir, & orner,
Ton vers, coeur, & chef, d'ombre, de flame, de fleurs.
Comes de Alsinois.
Voi de rechef ô alme Venus, Venus alme, rechanter,
Ton los immortel par ce poete facre.
Voi de rechef, vn vers animè, vers digne de ton nom,
Vers, que la France reçoit, vers que la France lira.
Et fais, qu'en resonant ton los, il puisse de ses vers,
Par ta benigne faueur, vaincre la sorce d'amour.
Incerta autoris.
Tant que seras opulens, amis auras par chemin assez,
Chacun s'enfuyra, quand miserable seras.
Donec eris foelix, &c.
The Iambike is also verie vsual: which is either pure consisting onely of Iambikes, as
Suis & ipsa Roma viribus ruit.
Or mixt, which admitteth also Spondaeus, as
Rex est tyranni, quisquis contemnit necem.
Immeritò: Spencer.
Vnhappie verse, the witnes of my vnhappie state,
Make thy selfe fluttring wings of thy fast flying
Thoughts, & flie forth vnto my loue whersoeuer she be.
Whether lying restles in heauie bed, or els
Sitting so chearles at the chearfull boord, or els
Playing alone careles on her heauenly virginalls,
If in bed, tel her, that my eyes can take no rest,
If at boord, tell her, that my mouth can eate no meate,
If at her virginals, tell her, I can heare no mirth.
Asked why? Say, waking loue suffreth no sleepe:
Say, that raging loue doth appale the weake stomacke:
Say, that lamenting loue marreth the musicall.
Tell her, that her pleasures were wont to lul me asleep,
Tell her, that her beautie was wont to feede mine eyes:
Tel her, that her sweet tōgue was wōt to make me mirth
Now doo I nightly wast, wanting my kindly rest,
Now doo I daily starue, wanting my liuely food,
Now doo I alwaies die, wanting thy timely mirth.
And if I wast, who will bewaile my heauie chaunce?
And if I sterue, who will record my cursed end?
And if I die, who will say, this was Immeritò?
Remy Belleau. Senarij Iambici.
Quand sur ta leure douce à plat ie vay succant
L'ambrosine douceur qui mon ame empoysonne.
Au ciel ie pense estre fait alors vn demydieu,
Ou quelque image pluis diuin, si plus se peut,
Mais ceste douceur tu detrampes si soudain
De fiel, & d'aigueur, & de poison si cruel, &c.
Other kindes there be, as Anacreontica, ¯ ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯
Sir P. Syd. 2.
My Muse what ailes this ardour? to blaze my onely secrets.
Alas it is no glorie, to sing mine owne decayed state:
Alas it is no comfort, to speake without an answere:
Alas it is no wisedome, to shew the wound without cure, &c.
Cap. 15.
THus much shall suffice for poeticall dimension. Now followeth that of Orators, both vnlike that of Poets, and alwaies vnlike it selfe. In prose auoid verse, vnlesse now and then a verse bee brought in out of some author, either for proofe or pleasure. The beginning or ending of a verse must not be the beginning or ending of prose. For the beginning, a
little consideration will suffice, for the middle, lesse; but in the end the chief care is to bee had, for it is most examined, and longest continueth in memorie. It must therefore bee sweetlie contriued, that it seeme not hastie and abrupt: it must also bee varied and changed oftentimes, least satietie bee procured, if the same foote should in the end bee continuallie repeated. Yet notwithstanding this diligence, it is not required that a man should bee bound to the obseruation of certaine feet anie further than sixe sillables from the end. As I require diligence in this point, so I condemne curiositie, affectation, and open art. The end is seldome of long sillables altogether, but verie oftentimes of long and short together, as three Chorei continued, an Iambus with a Dichoreus. Tullie so loued Dichoreus, that in one Oration to Pompeius, he vsed it an hundred and fourteene times. Neither must wee onlie haue regard to the quantitie of the sillables, but also to the goodnes of the letters, for that is a great cause of this sweete dimension vsed of Orators.
Sir P. Syd. 1. Philanax to Basilius.
I would then haue said, the heauenlie powers to be reuerenced, & not searched into, and their mercie rather by praiers to bee sought, than their hidden counsailes by curiositie.
In 4. of Gynecia.
Shee sawe the rigor of the lawes was like to lay a shamefull death vppon her: which, being for that action vndeserued, made it the more insupportable, and yet in the depth of her soule, most deserued, made it more miserable.
Cap. 16. Of Epizeuxis.
THus much of the dimension of words: Now followe those figures that cōsist in the repetitiō of words and sounds, either like or vnlike; and like, either continued, or seuered: and continued, either in the same sentence, or in diuers sentences: in the same sentence, it is called in Greeke
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
, a ioyning of the same word or sound, for that one sound
is continuallie ioyned to another. It is called also Palilogia, or iteration.
Homer. 5. Iliad.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. Aeg. 3.
—vale vale, inquit, Iola.
2.
Ah Coridon Coridon, quae te dementia caepit?
4 Aen.
—sic sic iuuat ire sub vmbras.
Sometimes there is a parenthesis put betweene, but yet the thing is all one as if there had nothing been inserted.
2. Aen.
—vos (o quibus integer aeui
Sanguis, ait, solidae
que
suo stant robore vires)
Vos agitate fugam.
Sir P. Syd. 1.
Vp, vp, Philisides, let sorowes goe.
1.
Onlie Iewel, ô, onlie Iewell, which onlie deseruest
That mēs harts be thy seate, & endles fame be thy seruāt.
2.
The time is changed, (my lute) the time is changed.
And,
The euill is inward (my lute) the euill is inward.
Torquat. Tass. 8.
Arme Arme, freme il forsennato, è'nsime
La giouentu superba Arme Arme freme.
12. Argante to Clorinda.
Nò, nò sèfui ne l'arme àtè conforte
Esser vuò ne la gloria, ò ne la morte.
12.
Ma doue (o lasso me) doue restare
Le reliquie del corpo bello e casto?
19.
Vieni (ò famoso rè) vieni: e là seur
•…
A la rocca fortissima ricoura.
Salust. Iudith 6.
Chantons, chantons de caeur, d'instrumens & de voix
Le los de dieu des dieus, le los du roy des rois.
Iudith 2.
La voix, ô cas piteux, la voix del' immortel
Luy commande d'offrir son Isac sur l' autel.
Boscan. 2.
Oyd oyd los hombresy las gentes
vn casa nueuo qu'en amor se ofrece,
amor in mi con su deleyte crece.
3
Traedle, respondio, traedle hermanas.
Cap. 17. Of Anadiplosis.
THat which is in diuers sentences is either Anadiplosis, or climax. Anadiplosis, redubling, or reduplication is when the same sound is repeated in the ende of the sentence going before, and in the beginning of the sentence following after.
Homer. Ε. Iliad.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
γ. Iliad.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. Aeg. 6.
Addit se sociam, timidis
que
superuenit Aegle.
Aegle, Naiadum pulcherrima.
6. Aenid.
Deiphobum vidit lacerum crudeliter ora
Ora manus
que
ambas.
10. Aenid.
—sequitur pulcherrimus Astur.
Astur equo fidens, & versicoloribus armis.
Sir P Syd. 1.
Ouer these brookes trusting to ease mine eyes,
(Mine eyes eu'n great in labour with their teares)
I laid my face, my face wherein there lyes
Clusters of clowdes which no sunne euer cleares.
3: O stealing time, the subiect of delay,
Delay the rack of vnrefrain'd desire,
What strange dessein hast thou my hopes to stay?
My hopes which doo but to mine owne aspire.
4: And hauing plast my thoghts, my thoughts thus placed me,
Me thought, nay sure I was, I was in fairest wood
Of Samothea land, a land which whilom stood.
Torquat. Tass. 8.
Rinaldo han morto'l qual fú spada, e scudo
Di nostra fede: & ancor giace inulto.
Inulto giace: e su' l terreno ignudo
Lacerato il lasciaro, & insepulto.
19. Erminia to Tancred, lying halfe dead.
Dopo gran tempo i ti ritrouo à pena
Tancredi: e'ti rueggio, e non son vista,
Vista non son da te: benche presente,
E, trouando, ti perdo eternamente.
In Amynt. 27.
—hor non rammenti
Cio che l'altr'hier Elpino raccontaua,
Il saggio Elpino, a la bella Licori
Licori ch'in Elpin puote con gli occhi
Quel ch'ei potere in lei dourra col canto,
Se'l douere in amor si ritrouasse.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
Detousiours le clairfeu n'enuironnent les airs:
Les airs d'eternitè n'enuironnent les mers.
3.
—tant & tant ardamment
L'Eymant aime le fer: le fer aime l'Eymant.
Boscan 2.
No puede ser que d'cl amor eshijo,
Eshijo d'el amor, mas es bastardo.
And
Gran tiempo ha, que amor me dize, escriue,
escriue lo que en ti yo tengo escrito.
3.
Atreuiosè à tomar la mano de Hero
De Hero la mano se atreuio à tomarla.
Cap. 18. Of Climax.
CLimax, gradation, is a reduplication continued by diuers degrees and steps, as it were, of the same word or sound, for these two be of one kind.
Homer. Iliad. 3.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
V. aeg. 2.
Torua le
•…
na lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam,
E lorentem citisum sequitur lasciua capella.
Sir Philip Sydney 1. Song.
Louing in truth, and saine in verse my loue to show,
That the deare she might take some pleasure of my pain,
Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her
Knowledge might pity win, & pity grace obtain (know
I sought fit words, &c.
3. Dorus.
Sweete gloue the sweete despoile of sweetest hand,
Faire hand the fairest pledge of fairer hart,
True heart whose truth doth yeeld to truest band,
Chiefe band, I say, which ties my chiefest part,
My chiefest part, wherein doo chiefly stand
Those secrete ioyes, which heauens to me impart:
Vnite in one, my state thus still to saue,
You haue my thankes, let me your comfort haue.
44. Song.
My words, I know, doo well set foorth my minde,
My minde bemones his sense of inward smart,
Such smart may pitie craue of anie hart:
Her heart, sweete heart, is of no tygers kinde.
Torquat. Tass. 6.
Sparsa è d'arme la terra: è l'arme sparse
Disangue, e l sangue co'l sudor simesce.
15
Enudre à í prati l'herba, à l'herba i fiori,
A i fiori l'odor.
Salust 1. Semaine of the garden of Eden.
Ains d'un doux ventelet l'halene
•
usquetee
Coulant dans la forest par l'eternel plantee,
Donnoit vigeut aux corps, à la terre verdeur,
A la verdure fleurs, aux fleurs vn alme odeur.
And
1. Semaine 2. day.
Ci bien qu'auec le temps le ius vertement aigre
Se fait moust, le moust vin, &c le bon vin vinaigre.
3.
Des fontaines se font les ruisseaux murmurans:
Des murmurans ruisseaux, les rauageus torrens:
Des torrens rauageus les superbes riuitres.
Des riuieres se sont les ondes marinieres.
And,
Le germe croist en herbe, & Therbe en long tuyan,
Le tuyau en espic, l'espic en ble nouueau
Iudith. 3.
Dieu peut tout ce, qu'il veut: dieu veut tout ce qu'il doit:
Dieu doit toùte faueut à cil que marche droit.
Boscan. 3.
Tanto que d'ella sama tira y corre,
D'el Istro al Tago, y d'el Tago hasta al Nilo.
Cap. 19. Of Anaphora.
THus much of the continued repetitiōn of the same word in one or diuers sentences: now followeth the seuered repetition of the same sound, and that either in the same place, or in diuers. In the same place, either simple or conioined. Simple, Anaphora and Epistrophe. Anaphora a bringing back of the same soūd, is when the same sound is iterated in the beginning of the sentence.
Homer. Iliad. 1.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Vir. 4. Geor.
Te dulcis coniux, te solo in littore secum,
Te veniente die, te decedente canebat.
Aegl. 1.
Pan primus calamos cera coniungere plures
Instituit: Pan curat oues, ouiumque magistros.
Aen. 3.
Sic oculos, sic ille manue, sic ora ferebat.
Sir Philip Sydney. 1.
And thus mine eyes are plac'd still in one sight,
And thus my thoughts can thinke but one thing still,
Thus reason to his seruant giues his right,
Thus is my power transformed to your will.
2.
Olde age is wise, and full of constant truth,
Olde age well staid from ranging humors liues,
Olde age hath knowen, what euer was in youth,
Olde age orecome the greater honor giues.
And to olde age since you your selfe aspire,
Let not olde age disgrace my high desire.
Torquat. Tasso. 20.
Giace il cauallo al suo signore appresso,
Giace il compagno appo'l compagno estinto.
Giace il nimic
•
appo'l nimico, è spesso
Su'l morto il viuo: il vincitor su'l vinto.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
Tout estoit sans beaute, sans reglement, sans flame,
Tout estoit sans façon, sans mouuement, sansame.
1. Semaine 3 day.
Qui boit le Styx sulphreux, le Phiegeton brulant,
Le bourbeux Acheron, le Gocyte sanglant.
5. Of the sea.
Elle a son herisson, son belier, son pourceau,
Son lion, son cheual, son elephant, son veau.
1. of. Mari.
Et qu'elle ensantera pour le salut humain
Son pere, son espoux, sons fils; & son germain.
Boscan 3.
Cantauete en partiendo el clarodia,
Cantauete en viniendo la mannana.
Garcilasso.
Por vos naci, por vos tengo la vida,
Por vos he de morir, y por vos muero.
Cap. 20. of Epistrophe.
Epistrophe, Conuersion or turning to the same sound in the ende, is when the like sound is iterated in the endings.
Homer. 14. Odyss
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
V. aeg. 3.
Si ad vitulam spectes, nihil est quod pocula laudes.
Aegl. 8.
Ignis vt hic durescit, & haec vt cera liquescit
Vno eodémque igni, sie nostro Daphnis amore.
Aeg. 10.
—solet esse grauis cantantibus vmbra:
Iuniperi grauis vmbra.
Sir Philip Sydney 1.
But since it is weaknesse, too much to
remember, what should haue been done, and that your commandement stretcheth to know what shalbe done; I doo, &c.
There, of Dametas.
O no, he can not be good, that knowes not why hee is good, but stands so farre good, as his fortune may keepe him vnassailed.
10.
Nay we are to resolue, that if reason direct it, we must do it, & if we must doo it, we wil doo it: for, to say, I cannot, is childish; and, I will not, is womanish.
Torquat. Tass. 1.
S
•…
su fedeli mei, su via prendete
Le fiamme, e'l ferro, ardete, & vccidite.
In Amynt. 45. Satyrus in comparing Syluia to Sylua for her crueltie.
Celan le selue, angui, leoni, & orsi,
Dentro il lor verde: è tu dentro
〈◊〉
bell pett
•
Nascondi odio, disdegno, & impiettate,
Fere peggior, ch'angui, leoni, & orsi,
Che si placano quei, questi placarsi
Non possono, per prego ne per dono.
Salust 1. Semaine.
Non en temps, auant temps ains mesme auec le temps
I'enten vn temps confus.
Boscan. 1.
Los dos iuntos en dannarme
Hemos sido y en vencerme:
Armados para perderme:
Vos comigo por matarme,
Yo con vospor ofenderme.
Cap. 21. Of Symploce.
COnioyned as Symploce, Complexio, Comprehensio, coupling of both the other, when the same sound is repeated both in beginnings and endings.
Vir. aeg. 7.
Fraxinus in syluis pulcherrima, pinus in hortis,
Populus in fluuijs, abies in montibus altis
Sir Philip Sydney 5. Pyrocles.
My bloud will satisfie the highest point of equitie, my bloud will satisfie the hardest hearted of this Countrey.
2. Of Musidorus.
Such was as then the estate of the Duke, as it was no time by direct meanes to seek her, & such was the estate of his captiued will, as he could delay no time of seeking her.
Torquat. Tass. 9.
S' affronta insieme, horribilmente vrtando
Scudo à scudo, elmo ad elmo, e brando à brando:
Salust. 4. Semaine.
Reglant ensemblement nos moeurs, & nos humeurs,
Troublant ensemblement nos humeurs & nos moeurs.
Boscan. 1.
Y assi està la vida mia
D'el todo desconsolada,
D'el cuerpo desamparada:
Y fuera de l'alegria,
Pues es de vos apartada.
Cap. 22. Of Epanalepsis.
THese repetitions be in the same place; the two following, that is Epanalepsis and Epanados, be diuerslie placed. Epanalepsis or resūption, is when the same sound is iterated in the beginning and ending.
Virg. 2. Aen.
Multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa.
Aeg. 1.
Ambo florentes at atibus, Arcades ambo.
1. Georg.
Nudus ara, sere nudus.
Aeg. 4.
Occidet & serpens, & fallax herba veneni Occidet.
Aeg 9.
Tityre, dum redeo, breuis est via, pasce capellas, Et potum pastas age Tityre.
4. Georg.
Amba auro, pictis incincta pellibus amba.
2. Aeneid.
—Arma viri, ferte arma.
12. Aeneid.
Victus amore tui, cognato sanguine victus.
And,
—Socer arua Latinus habebat,
Imperium solenne socer.
Sir P. Syd. 5.
Feare is more paine, than is the paine it feares.
34. Sonet.
They loue indeed, who quake to say, they loue.
3.
Hark plaintfull ghosts, infernall furies hark.
3 Gynecia.
The thoughts are but ouerflowings of the mind, and the tongue is but a seruant of the thoughts.
Torquat. Tass. 18.
Audace si: ma cautamente audace.
Torris: to Aluida. 35.
Estingua tutti gli odij il nostro amore,
E n
•…
ssuno odio il nostro amore estingua.
In Amynta. fol. 87.
Pari è l'eta, la gentilezza è pari.
In Amynt. 70.
O Dafne, o Dafne,
A questo amaro fin tu misaluasti
A questo sine amaro?
Salust. 1. Semaine▪
Or done auant tous temps, matiere, forme & lieu,
Dieu tout en tout estoit, & tout estoit en Dieu.
1.
l'architecte du monde ordonna qu' à leur tour
Le iour suiuist la nuict, la nuict suiuist le iour.
In the triumph of faith speaking of Christ.
Parole qu' on ne peut exprimer par parole.
In the same place of the mother and her seuen sonnes slaine.
Mere digne des fis, fis dignes de la mere.
Boscan 1.
Si de amor es tu sentido
Di me que cosa es amor.
3.
Contemplando tras esto en las mudanças,
De la mar, y d'el viento contemplando.
Cap. 23. Of Epanados.
EPanados, regression, turning to the same sound, when one and the same sound is repeated in the beginning and middle, or middle and end.
Homer. 2. Iliad.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg Aeg. 8.
—Crudelis tu quo
que
mater,
Crudelis mater magis, an puer improbus ille?
Improbus ille puer, crudelis tu quoque mater.
7.
Compulerant
que
greges Coridon & Thyrsis in vnum:
Thyrsis oues, Coridon distentas lacte capellas.
1. Geor.
Quacun
que
illa leuem fugiens secat ethera pennis,
Insequitur Nisus: quà se fert Nisus ad auras,
Illa leuem fugiens raptim secat ethera pennis.
4. Geor.
Tùm quoque marmorea caput à ceruice reuulsum
Gurgite cum medio portans Oeagrius Hebrus
Volueret, Eurydicen vox ipsa, & frigida lingua,
Ah miseram Eurydicen anima fugiente vocabat:
Eurydicen tete referebant flumine ripa.
Sir Philip Sydney. Son. 7.
Whose sences in so ill consort their stepdame nature laies
That rauishing delight in them most sweet tunes do not raise.
Or if they doo delight therein yet are so cloyed with wit,
As with sententious lipps to set a title vaine on it.
O' let thē hearè these sacred tunes & learn in wonders schooles,
To be in things past bounds of wit, fooles, if they be not fooles.
Who haue so leaden eyes as not to see sweet beauties show,
Or seeing haue so woodden wits as not that worth to know,
Or knowing haue so muddie minds as not to be in loue,
Or louing haue so frothy thoughts as easlie thence to moue,
O let them see these heauenlie beames, & in faire letters reede
A lesson sit both sight and skil, loue and firme loue to reede.
Heare then, but then with wonder heare, see, but adoring see
No mortall guifts, no earthlie fruites now here descended bee.
See doo you see this face? a face? nay image of the skies,
Of which the two life▪ giuing lights are figured in her eyes.
Heare you this soule-inuading voyce, and count it but a voice?
The verie essence of those tunes when Angels doo reioyce.
8. Son.
Each day seemes long, and longs for long stayed night,
The night as tedious wooes th'approach of day:
Tyrde with the dustie toyles of busie day,
Languisht with horrors of the silent night:
Suffring the euills both of day and night,
While no night is more darke than is my day,
Nor no day hath lesse quiet than my night.
With such bad mixture of my night and day:
That liuing thus in blackest winter night,
I seele the flames of hottest summers day.
Torquatus Tass In Amynt. 22. Dafne.
Cosi la gene prima, che gia visse
Nel mondo ancora semplice & infante,
Stimo dolce beuanda, è dolce cibo,
L'acqua; è le ghiande:
Et hor l'acque è le ghiande,
Sono cibo è beuanda d'animali.
Poiche s'e posto e posto in vso il grano.
è l'u
•
a.
In Amynt. 84. A dio pastori,
Piagge a dio: a dio selue: siumi, a dio.
There, 67.
Padre vecchio▪ orbo Padre: achi, non piu Padre.
Salust. 2. Semaine.
Immortel & mortel Adam donques nasquit.
Immortel il mourut, & mortel il vesquit,
Car auant les effects de sa rebelle offence,
Mourir & non mourir, estoient en sa puissan
•
e,
Mais depuis qu'il osa de dieu l'ire encourir,
Las, mourir il peut bien, mais non pas non mourir.
Comme au contraire, apres sa seconde naissance
Il aura seulement de non mourir puissance.
3. Semaine.
Vigne qui cede autant à tout arbre en beaute,
Comme tout arbre cede à la vigne en bontè.
Boscan. 2.
O coraçon que siempre has padecido
dime tan fuerte mal, como es tan largo?
Y mal tan largo, di como es tan fuerte?
Cap. 24. Of Paronomasia.
HEtherto of the repetition of sounds like. It followeth to speake of the repetition of sounds somwhat vnlike, as Paronomasia and Polyptoton. Paronomasia, Agnominatio, allusion, is when a
word is changed in signification by changing of a letter or sillable.
Homer. Il. 2
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
2,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
2,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
2,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
2,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
4,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
E. Il.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
I. Il.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
8. Od.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
15. Od.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
;
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
16. Od.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
V. 2. Geor.
Auia tum resonant auibus virgulta canoris.
2. Aen.
Fit via vi: rumpunt aditus.
4. Aen.
Longa procul longis via diuidit inuia terris.
And,
Quid struis? aut qua spe Lybicis teris ocia terris?
6. Aen.
—quo non praestantior alter
Aere ciere viros, Martem
que
accendere cantu.
And,
—gemina super arbore sidunt
Discolor vnde auriper ramos aura refulsit.
And,
—Fixit leges pretio, at
que
refixit.
Elswhere,
—Tauro Ioue digna, vel auro.
Sir Philip Sydney 1.
Come shepheards weedes, become your masters minde.
2. Of Musidorus.
But, alas, what can saying make them beleeue, whom seeing cannot perswade?
3,
But namelesse hee, for blamelesse he shal bee.
And,
Because in wrestling and in pastoral,
He sarre did passe the rest of shepheards all.
3,
Those lampes of heauenly fire to fixed motion boūd,
The euer turning sphaeres, the neuer moouing ground.
Torquat. Tass. 1.
Giu ì decreti del ciel porta, & al cielo
Riporta de' mortali i preghi e' l zelo.
2. Nel profan loco, esù la sacra imago
Susurrò poi le sue bestemmie il mago.
In Amynta.
—Syluia honor de le siluo.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
Voir les murs & les moeurs de maint estrange empire.
4.
Car ie ne pense point que tous les elemens
Peussent pour vn seul iour les fournir d'alimens.
Iudith. 2.
Qu'il est autant aisè de le vaincre parlarmes,
Comme il est malaisè de le vaincre par armes.
In the Triumph of faith.
La loi non par Platon, ains par Pluton ecrite.
2. Semaine. 1.
De cruelles douleurs, qui tantost d'un lent pas,
Tantost d'un pas hastè, nous guident au trespas.
2. Semaine 4.
—Perde repos & repas.
Boscan. 1.
No me falta
buen remedio en esta falta.
Garcilass. Aeglog 2.
—accompan̄ada
De vn amor llanoy lleno de pureza.
Cap. 25. Of Polyptoton.
Polyptoton, often falling or declining of one word, is when as words of one ofspring haue diuers fallings or terminations.
Homer. Il. 1.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
2.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Ν. Il.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
6. Od.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. 4. Aen.
Littora littoribus contraria, fluctibus vndas
Imprecor, arma armis.
Hunc morem, hos cursus, atque haec certamina primus
Ascanius, longam muris cum cingeret Albam,
Rettulit.
Sir Philip Sydney. 1.
Thou art of blood, ioy not to make things bleed:
Thou fearest death, thinke they are loth to dye.
Torquat. Tass. 2. Olindo.
Ahi tanto amò la non amante amata.
19.
Moriua Argante: è tal moria, qual visse:
Minacciaua morendo: e non lauguia.
Superbi, formidabili, e feroci
Gli vltimi moti fur, l'vltime voci.
In Amynt. 20.
In tanto io piu ridea del suo rossore,
Ella piu s'arrossia del riso mio.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
L'immuable decret de la bouche diuine,
Qui causera sa fin, causa son origine.
2. Sem. 3. of the fall of Adam.
Esprit animètout, grand dieu, qui iustement
Changè de pere en iuge, as fait ce changement,
Change moy &c.
Boscan. 1.
Descubrio nueuos tormentos
Para sentir nueua gloria.
2.
Con esto me efforçè,
si efforçarse se llama ser forçado:
efforçando me pues, menos hiziera.
Before I leaue of to talk of these figures of woords, I will heere confusedlie insert a number of conceited verses, sith all their grace & delicacie proceedeth from the figures aforenamed. Theocritus hath expressed the forme of an egge, and an alter in verse, so hath Willy represented the figure of a swoard, and an old Abbot, the image of the crosse in verie laboured and
intangled verses: but let them passe, and come we to such as are more plausible.
Sir Philip Syd. 4; act. a double sestine.
Strephon.
Ye goteheard Gods that loue the grassie mountaines,
Ye nymphes which hunt the springs in pleasant vallies,
Ye Satyrs ioyed with free and quiet forrests,
Vouchsafe your silent eares to playning musicke,
Which to my woes giues still an earlie morning,
And drawes the dolor on till wearie euening.
Klaius.
O Mercurie foregoer to the euening,
O heauenlie huntresse of the sauage mountaines,
O louelie starre entitled of the morning,
While that my voyce doth fill these wofull valleis,
Vouchsafe your silent eares to playning musicke,
Which ost hath Eccho tried in secret forrests &c.
So in the beginning of the same act.
Since wayling is a bud of carefull sorowe. &c.
Spenser taketh the words one after another.
Ye wastfull woods beare witnesse of my woe,
Wherein my plaints did oftentimes resound:
Ye careles birds are priuie to my cries,
Which in your songs were wont to make a part.
Thou pleasant Spring hast lulld me oft a sleepe,
Whose streames my trickling teares did oft augment.
Resort of people doth my griefe augment,
The walled townes doo worke my greater woe:
The Forrest wide is fitter to resound
The hollowe Eccho of my carefull cries,
I hate the house, since thence my loue did part,
Whose wailfull want deterres mine eyes from sleepe, &c.
Petrarch hath nine sestines, or thereabout, one is fol. 421.
Mia benigna fortuna, e'l viver liet
•
,
I chiari giorni, è le tranquille notti,
E i soaui sospiri, e'l dolce stile:
Che solea risonar in versi, e'n rime,
Volti subitamente in doglia, e'n pianto,
Odiar vita mià mi fanno, è bramar morto.
Crudele, acerba, inessorabil morte
Cagion mi dai di mai non esser lieto:
Ma di menar tutta mia vita in piant
•
,
E i giorni oscuri, è le dogliose notti.
I miei graui sospir non vanno in rime,
E'l mio duro martir vince ogni stile, &c.
Sir Philip Sydney 1. hath a rime, wherein the last word of the first doth iumpe in sound with the middle word of the second, thus:
Vp, vp, Philisides, let sorrowes goe,
Who yeelds to woe, doth but increase his smart:
Doo not thy heart to plaintfull custome bring,
But let vs sing, &c.
So
Petrarch, fol. 153.
Mai non vo piu cantar com' io soleua,
Ch'altrui non m'intendeua, &c.
And Garcilasso aeglog. 2.
Filomena sospira en dolce canto,
En amoroso llanto se amanzilla
Gime la tortolilla sobre el elmo, &c.
Petrarch fol. 56. hath an odde kinde of rime vsed in Prouance, where continually he putteth six verses between euery rime, so that the first rimeth with the 8, the second with the ninth, the third with the tenth, &c. thus:
Verdi, panni, sanguigni, oscuri, ò Persi, &c.
Sir Philip Sydney 2. Philisides and Eccho.
P. In what state was I then, when I tooke this deadly disease?
E. Ease.
P. And what māner a mind, which had to that hu nor a vaine?
E. Vaine.
And after.
P. Then to an earnest loue, what dooth best victorie lende?
E. Ende.
P. End? but I can nere end: Loue will not giue mee the leaue.
E. Leaue.
The like be in Erasmus his Dialogues, and Ouids Metamorphoses: such an one is that
Semicaper Faunus cur ità clamat? E amat.
and.
Participem vote me fore reris? E. eris. &c.
In Willies Poems there bee diuers conceipted kindes of verses, some whereof resemble those olde ones,
Qu an di tri mul pa
os guis rus sti cedine uit
H san mi Chri dul la
I had almost forgotten an other olde verse, inferior to none of the rest, it is this.
Sacrum pingue dabo, nec macrum sacrificabo,
Saith Cain, in an Hexameter; which (if you reade it backward) will make Abels answer in a Pentameter, thus:
Sacrificabo macrum, nec dabo pingue sacrum.
Sir Philip Sydney 3.
Vertue, beautie, and speach, did strike, wound, charme,
My bart, eyes, eares, with wonders, loue, delight.
First, second, last, did bind, enforce, and arme,
His works, shews, suites, with wit, grace, & vowes might.
Thus Honour, liking, trust, much, faire, and deepe,
Held, pearst, possest my iudgement, sence, and will,
Till wrong, contempt, deceit, did grow, steale, creepe,
Bands, fauour, faith, to breake, defile, and kill.
Then griefe, vnkindnes, proofe, tooke, kindled, sought
Well grounded, noble, due, spite, rage, disdaine.
But ah alas in vaine, my mind, sight, thought
Doth him, his face, his word, leaue, shunne, refraine.
For nothing, time, nor place, can loose, quench, ease,
Mine owne, embraced, sought, knot, fire, disease.
And,
The fire to see my wrongs, for anger burneth,
The ayre in raine for my affliction weepeth,
The sea to ebb for griefe his flowing turneth,
The earth with pitie dull, the center keepeth.
Fame is with wonder blazed,
Time runnes away with sorowe,
Place standeth still amazed,
To see my night of ill that hath no morowe.
Alas all onlie she no pitie taketh
To knowe my miseries: but chast and cruell,
My fall her glorie maketh,
Yet still her eyes giue to my flames the fuell.
Fire burne me quite, till sence of burning leaue me,
Ayre let me draw no more thy breath in anguish,
Sea, drownd in thee, of tedious life bereaue me,
Earth take this earth wherein my spirits languish,
Fame say I was not borne,
Time hast my dying houre,
Place see my graue vptorne:
Fire, ayre, sea, earth, fame, time, place shew your powre.
Alas from all their helps I am exiled:
For hers am I, and death feares her displeasure,
Fie death, thou art beguiled,
Though I be hers, of me she makes no treasure.
These two bee aswell knowne, as their author is vnknowne.
Pastor, arator, eques, paui, colui, superaui,
Capras, rus, hostes, fronde, ligone, manu.
In English, thus.
A goteheard, plowman, knight, my goates, my fields, my foes,
I fed, I tild, I kild, with bowes, with plowes, with blowes.
In French, thus.
Pastre, laboureur, duc, i'ay peu, beschè, submis,
De rams, de pies, de mains, cheures, champs, enemis.
Or thus.
Pasteur, rustic, guerrier, i'ay peu, beschè, mis bas,
Cheures, champs, enemis, de fueille, haye, & bras.
Hadrian the Emperour of three Shepheards.
Almo, Theon, Thyrsis nati sub monte Pelori
Semine disparili, Laurente, Lacone, Sabina:
Vite Sabina, Lacon sulco, sue cognita Laurens.
Almo puer, pubes
que
Theon, & Thyrsis ephebus,
Thyrsis oues, vitulos Theon egerat, Almo capellas.
Canna Almo, Thyrsis stipula, Theon ore melodus.
Nais amat Thyrsin, Glauce Almona, Nisa Theonem:
Nisa rosas, Glauce violas, dat lilia Nais.
The same of the battaile of the Amazons.
Vt belli sonuêre tuba, violenta peremit
Hippolyte Teuthranta, Lyce Clonon, Oebalon Alce,
Oebalon ense, Clonon iaculo, Teuthranta sagitta.
Oebalus ibat equo, curru Clonus, & pede Teuthras.
Plus puero Teuthras, puer Oebalus, & Clonus Heros.
Figitur ora Clonus, latus Oebalus, ilia Teuthras.
Charus Epo Teuthras, Dorycle Clonus, Oebalus Ida,
Argolicus Teuthras, Moesus Clonus, Oebalus Archas.
In imitation whereof, a countreyman of ours, in his sweete description of the Troyan warre, hath made diuers: among the rest I remember these three
Stemona sternit Ion, Ionem proturbat Acontes,
Mactat Aconta Pholus, Pholō Oebalus, Oebalon Astor,
Astora Thyodamas, & Thyodamanta Lyceus.
Tamisier.
De fer, de feu, de sang, Mars, Vulcan, Tysiphone
Bastit, forgea, remplit, l'aime, le coeur, la maine,
Du meurtrier, du tyran, du cruel inhumaine,
Qui meurtrit, brusle & perde la Francoise couronne.
D'un Scythe, d'un Cyelope, & d'un fier Lestrigone,
Là cruautè, l'ardeur, & la sanglante faime
Qui l'animè, l'eschauffe, & conduict son desseine
Rien que fer, rien que feu, rien que sangue resone.
Qu'il puisse par le fer cruellement mourir,
Ou per le feu de ciel horriblement perir,
Et voir du sang des siens la terre estre arrousee.
Soit rouille, soit esteint, soit seche par la paix
Le fer, le seu, le sang, cruel, ardent, espais
Qui meurtrit, brusle, & perde la France diuisee.
Remy Belleau.
Vn berger, vn cheurier, & vn bouuier venus
De Sicile, de Thebe; & de Smyrne congneus
Des prez, & des coustaus, & des loges champestres
Des brebis, des cheureaux, des boeufs: les meilleurs maistres
Du flageol, du rebec, & du cornet retors,
Mouton, cheures, & boeufs gardoient dessus les bords
D'Arethuse, d'Ismene, & du Phrygien Xanthe.
L'un le hurt, l'un lex ieux, le tierce les combats chante
Des beliers bien cornus, des follastres cheureaux,
Des taureaux mugissans, l'honneur des pastoreaux,
Des cheutiers, des bou
•
iers: Aussi sur touts les prise
Pales, le dieu cheutier, & le pasteur d'Amphrise
D'un chapelet de fleurs couronnant le premier,
D'un branche de pin le second, le ternier
D'un tortois de laurier. Mais Perot l'outrepasse
Ce berger; ce cheutier, & ce bouuier surpasse
D'autant que les moutons, les boeufs, & les taureaux
Les aigneaux, les cheureaux, & les ieunes bouueaux,
Ou que les bleds, les monts, & les maisons royalles
Les herhes, les coustaux, les cases pastoralles:
Tant Perot flúste bien, fredonne, & sonne icy.
Du flageol, du rebec, & du cornet auxi,
Son Charlot, sou Amot, son Henriot, les maistres
Des prez, & des coustaux, & des loges champestres.
The same vpon the death of Signeur Bonniuet.
La France, & le Piemont, & les cieux, & les arts,
Les soldats, & le monde out fait comme six parts
De ce grand Bonniuet, carvne si grande chose
Dedans vn seul tombeau ne pouuoit estre inclose.
La France en a le corps qu'elle auoit esheuè,
Le Piemont à le coeur qu'il auoit esprouuè,
Les cieux en out l'esprit, & les arts la memoire,
Les soldats le regres, & le monde la gloire.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
Fit cignus, taurus, satyrúsque, aurúmque, ob amorem
Europa, Laedes, Antiopae, Danaes.
Spencer in his Fairie Queene. 2. booke. cant. 4.
Wrath, iealousie, griefe, loue, doo thus expell:
Wrath is a fire, and iealousie a weede,
Griefe is a floud, and loue a monster fell:
The fire of sparkes, the weede of little seede,
The floud of drops, the monster filth did breed:
But sparkes, seede, drops, and filth doo thus delay,
The sparks soon quench, the springing seed outweed,
The drops drie vp, and filth wipe cleane away.
So shall wrath, iealosie, griefe, loue, die and decay.
There be some called Serpentina carmina, because they turne and winde themselues inorbem like a snake, and their only grace proceedeth from a Rhetoricall Epanalepsis: as those in Ouid,
Vna dies Fabios ad bellum miserat omnes,
Ad bellum missos perdidit vna dies. and
Militat omnis amans & habet sua castra Cupido,
Attice crede mihi, militat omnis amans.
And these in Martiall,
Phospore redde diem, quid gaudia nostra moraris?
Casare venturo, Phospore redde diem.
And that in Virgil before,
Multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa.
Philelphus of Pope Pius.
Laus tua, non tua fraus, virtus, non copia rerum
Scandere te faciunt hoc decus eximtum.
The words turned, ouerturne the sence, thus.
Eximium decus hoc faciunt te scandere, rerum
Copia, non virtus: fraus tua, non tua laus.
The same in French by L'officiall de Langres.
Bien faict, non dol, los, non faueur
Fait te gaigner tresgrand honneur.
Faueur, non los, dol, non bien fait.
Honneur tresgrand gaigner te fait.
There bee certaine old verses that thus turned, retaine the same sence still, thus.
Praecipiti modò quod decurrit tramite flumen,
Tempore consumptum iam citò deficiet.
Deficiet citò iam &c.
And these, which you must take at the halfe turne, thus.
Odit, amat, reprobat, probat, execratur, adorat,
Crimina, iura, nefas, fas, simulachra, deum:
Fas, simulachra, deum, probat, execratur, adorat:
Odit, amat, reprobat, crimina, iura, nefas. Or thus.
Crimina, iura, nefas, odit, amat, reprobas.
Marot.
Dieu des amans d'amour me garde,
Me gardant donne moy bon heur,
En me-bienheurant prens ta darde,
En la prenant naure son coeur,
En le naurant me tiendra seur,
En seuretè suiuray laccointance,
En laccointant ton seruiteur,
En seruant aura iouissance.
Ausonius.
Res hominum fragiles alit, & regit, & perimit sors,
Sors dubia, aeternum
que
labans, quam blanda fouit spes,
Spes nullo finita auo, cui terminus est mors,
Mors auida inferna mergit caligine quam nox,
Nox obitura vicem reme auerit aurea cum lux,
Lux dono concessa deûm, cui praeuius est sol,
Sol cui nec furto veneris latet armipotens Mars,
Mars nullo de patre satus, quem Thressa colit gens,
Gens infraena virûm, quibus in scelus omne ruit fas,
Fas hominem mact are sacris, ferus iste loci mos,
Mos ferus audacis populi, quem nulla tenet lex,
Lex naturali quam condidit imperio ius,
Ius genitum pietate hominum, ius certa dei mens,
Mens, quae caelesti sensu rigat emeritum cor,
Cor vegetum, mundi instar habens, animae vigor ac vis,
Vis tamen hac nulla est, verùm est iocus, & nihili Res.
Of foure Popes.
Paule, Leon, Iule, Clement
Ont mise nostre France en torment.
Iules, Clement, Leon, & Paule
Ont pertroublè tout la Gaule.
Paule, Clement, Leon, & Iules
Ont beaucoup gaignè par lour bulles.
Iule, Clement, Paule, Leon
Ont fait des maux vn million.
He that made the booke called Pierce Plowman, maketh three or foure words in euerie line begin with the same letter, thus.
In a sommer season, when set was the sunne, &c.
Who so desireth to see more of this kinde, let him reade Accords Bigarrures, and Scaligers books de arte Poetica, where he hath one verse, which he calleth Proteus,
Perfide sperasti te diuos fallere Proteu?
Which may be turned to as manie fashions as euer was Proteus; for as I remember, it is apparant by that which Scaliger there putteth down, that it may be varied threescore and ten times, keeping the selfe same words and sence.
Cap. 26. Of figures of sentences.
THis shal suffice to haue spoken of figures in words: now folow the figures in Sentences, which in the whole sentēce expres some motion of the minde. These are more forcible & apt to
perswade, than those of words, which be rather pleasant and fit to delight. Generallie, as in tropes there is a certaine grace, in figures of words a kinde of delicacie, so in these of sentences, appeareth force and maiestie.
Cap. 27. Of exclamation.
THese figures consist in simple speach alone, or in conferring and debating with others. In speaking alone, such as respect either the matter, or the person; the matter, as Exclamation & Reuocatiō, or calling backe of ones selfe: Exclamation is expressed by some note of exclamation, either put downe, or vnderstood: an excellent instrument to stirre vp diuers affections, sometimes wonder and admiration.
Homer. 3. Iliad. Priamus of Agamemnon.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Virg. aeg. 3.
O quoties, & qua nobis Galatea loquuta est?
Georg. 2.
O fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint,
Agricolas.
Sir Philip Sydney 3. Histor saith.
Lord, what by-words they speake, what spite they spit?
Torquot. Tass. 1.
O merauiglia, Amor, ch' à pena è nato,
Già grande vola, è già trionfa armato.
7.
—O viuo specchio
Del valor prisco: intela nostra gente
Miri, è ciascun n'apprenda, in te di Marte
Splende l'honor, la disciplina, e'larte.
Salust. 3.
Que diray-ie de toy ô fontaine Sclauonne?
Que diray-ie de toy, ô source de Dodone?
Dont, l'vne ard les drapeaux, l'aultre, ô merueille! estaint
Le brondon allumé, & le r' allume estaint.
Boscan. 2.
En qual parte d'el cielo, en qual planeta,
Guardado fue tangrande nacimiento?
Qual estrella alcanço merecimiento,
Para influir en cosa tan perfeta?
Que principio: que causa tan secreta,
Pudo tener tan alto fundamento?
Sometimes despaire.
Homer. 1. Iliad. Thetis to Achilles.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
V. 2. Ae.
Nam
que
vt conspectu in medio turbatus inermis
Constitit, at
que
oculis Phrygiae agmina circumspexit,
Heu quae nunc tellus, inquit, quae me aequora possunt
Excipere, aut quid i am misero mihi deni
que
restat?
Cui ne
que
apud Danaos vsquàm locus: insuper ipsi
Dardantdae insesti poenas cum sanguine poscunt.
Elswhere.
Venit summa dies, & ineluctabile tempus
Dardaniae. Fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium & ingens
Gloria Dardanidûm. Ferus omnia Iupiter Argos
Translulit, incensa Danai dominantur in vrbe.
Againe,
Heufugenate dea, te
que
his, ait, eripe flammis.
Sat patriae Priamo
que
datum, si Pergama dextra
Desendi possent, ettam hac desensa fuissent,
Host is habet muros.
And that,
Heu nihil inuitit fas quenquam fidere diuis.
Sir P. Syd 2. Gynecia exclaimeth.
But wretch that I am, my torment is beyond all succour, and my euill deseruing doth exceed my euil fortune. For nothing els did my husband take this strange resolution to liue solitarie: for nothing else haue the winds deliuered this strāge guest to my countrey: for nothing els haue the destinies reserued my life to this time, but that onlie I, most wretched I, should become a plague to my selfe, and a shame to womankind.
Torquat. Tass. 4. Armida crieth out when Godfrey had spoken.
Nulla speme piu resta: in van midoglio:
Non hanpiù forza in human petto i preghi:
Forse lece ilsperar ch'il mio cordoglio,
Che te non mosse, il rio tyranno preghi?
Nè già te d'inclementia accusar voglio:
Perch'il picciol soccorso à me si neghi:
Mà il cielo accuso, ond'il mio mal discende.
Ch' in te pietate inessorabil rende.
Non tu, signor, ne tua bontade è tale:
Mà il mio destino è, che me nega aita:
Crudo destino: empio destin fatale
Vccide homai quest▪ odiosa vita:
L'hauermi priua, (ohime) fù picciol male
D'dolci padri in loro et a fiorita,
Se non mi vedi ancor del regno priua?
Qual vittima al coltello, andar cattiua?
Salust. Iudith 6. Bagos exclaimeth, Holofernes being slaine.
Malheur malheur sur nous: vne esclaue maudite
En tuant Holoferne, a tuè l'exercite
Donteur de l'vniuers.
Iudith. 3.
Las! quel comfort nous reste? ô ville miserable,
L'enemi qui te ceint, t'est doux & pitoiable
Les tiens te sont cruels: il te veut preseruer,
Les tiens te veulent perdre: il tachce conseruer
La vie de tes fis, & tes fis au contraire,
Courant teste baissee à la mort volontaire.
Boscan. 1.
O vida llena de enoios,
O mundo que vas assi:
Que buen fuera para mi,
Si yo no tuuiera oios
Para vezos quando os vi.
Sometimes wishing.
Homer 3. Iliad. Hector to Paris.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
.
Vir. aeg. 2.
O tantum libeat mecum tibi sordida rurae,
Atque humiles habitare casas, & figere ceruos.
8. Aen.
O mihi praeteritos referat si Iupiter annos.
Sir Philip Sydney. 2.
O Diana said Philoclea, I would, either the clowd that now hides the light of my vertue, would as easily passe away, as you will quickly ouercome this let; or els that you were for euer thus darkned, to serue for a better excuse of my outragious folly
Torquat. Tass. 7. Godsr. of Raimondo.
O pur hauessi frà l'etate acerba
Dieci altri di valore al tuo simile:
Come ardirei vincer Babel superba:
E la croce spiegar da Battro à Tile.
There Raimondo saith.
O fuss io pur su'l mio vigor de gli anni:
Qual sete voi, che qui, temendo chiusi
Vi state.
Salust. 5 Sem. of the Virgin and Eagle burnt together.
O couple bien-heureux, sur vostre obscure tombe
Tout-iour tout-iour le miel, toutiour la manne tombe:
Tout-iour tout-iour vos-os soyent de Myrre couuers,
Et tout-iour puissiez vous viure dedans mes vers.
Boscan 3. of Hero.
O si alcançasse, sospiraua elotro,
Tenella por muger si quiera vn'hora,
Y en sus braços me resoluiesse todo,
Como al solnieue, ò como cera al fuego.
Sometimes indignation.
Homer Il. 1. Achilles to Agamemnon.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
,
V. 1. Aen.
Heu stirpem inuisam, & fatis contraria nostrie Fata Phrygûm.
Sir Philip Syd 4. in Philisidis dreame of Venus and Diana.
I would haue spoken out, but out they both did crie,
Fie fie, what haue we done, vngodlie rebell, fie.
Torquat. Tass. 9. Argillano.
O vilfeccia del mondo: Arabi inerti
Ond' è c' hortanto ardire invois alletti?
8.
Et non fulmina il cielo? & non gl'inghiotte
La terra entro La sua perpetua notte?
6.
Esce fuori gridando: anima vile,
Ch'ancor ne le vittorie infame se
•
Qual titolo di laude alto, e gentile
Da modi attendi si scortesi, e rei?
Frà i ladroni d'Arabia, ò frà simile
Barbara turba anezzo esser tu dei:
Fuggi la luce, e và con l'altre belue
Ancrudelir ne' monti, e trà le selue.
Salust. 6. Sem. of him that gaue his seruant to be deuoured of a Lyon.
Canibal selon, Cyclope inexorable,
Puis que tu veux combler de maux ce miserable,
Et pourquoy l'ostes tu, ô Busire inhumain,
Et pourquoy Lestrigon, l'ostes tu de ta main,
Pour le liurer aux Ours, aux Onces, aux liones,
Qui mile & mile fois moins que toy felonnes?
Iudith. 6.
O gofiers affames! ô entrailles profondes!
Tous les viures exquis de mile & mile mondes
Songés par l' Abderois ne vous poutroint souler.
Pour vous, ventres goulus, pour vousil faut aler,
Aux Moluques chercher la fine epicerie,
En Candie le vin, le sucre en Canarie,
Il faut depeupler l'air, & le Phenix vnique
Peut à peine eschaper votre dent famelique.
Boscan. 2.
Que estrella fue por donde ya cai
en el mundo con tanta pesadumbre?
qual madre ya de vida me dio lumbre?
porque me'cho tan huerfano, y assi?
Quien primero holgò quando naci?
qual dolor me subiò tan en su cumbre?
que no halle remedio en la costumbre,
yoy sienta mas lo qui ayer mas senti.
Porque no mori en el vientre o en naciendo,
porque me tomo nadie ensus rodillas,
criando m'entre viuos no viuiendo?
Forçado es ya, que vaya descubriendo,
entre mis enemigos mis manzillas,
y vnos lloren, y otros esten riendo.
Sometime derision. See that which Patroclus spake in scorne of Cebrion falling dead from his chariot. Homer. Π. Iliad. in Ironia before. And that of Thersites in 2. Iliad. in Paronomasia before.
Vir. aeg 8.
O digno coniuncta viro.
Aen 9
O verè Phrygia, nec enim Phryges, ite per alta
Dyndima.
Sir Phil. Syd. 2. Pas of his lasse Cosma, whom Nico would haue kissed.
Kisse her? now maist thou kisse, &c.
Torquat. Tass. 7. that of Argante in Ironia,
O gente inuitta, &c.
Salust 1.
Que vous estes, helas! de honte & de foy vuides,
Escriuains, qui couches dans vos Ephemerides,
L'an, le mois, & leiour, qui clorront pour tousiours
La porte de Saturne, aux ans, aux mois, auxiours?
Boscan. See that in Ironia, though no note of exclamation be there.
Sometimes protestation or obtestation.
Homer. 1. Iliad.
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Ο. Iliad. Iuno.
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Virgil. 2. AEneid: of Sinon.
Ille dolis instructus, & arte Pelasga
Sustulit exutas vinclis ad sydera palmas,
Vos aeterni ignes, & non violabile vestrum
Testor numen, ait: vos ara enses
que
nefandi
Quos fugi, vittae
que
deûm, quas hostia gessi,
Fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resoluere iura:
Fas odisse viros, at
que
omnia ferre sub auras
Siqua tegunt: teneor patria nec legibus vllis.
Sir Philip Sydney 2. Nico.
O fauns, ô fayrees all, and doo you see
And suffer such a wrong? a wrong I trow,
That Nico must with Pas compared bee.
Torquat. Tass. 16. Armida to Rinaldo.
O cielo, o dei, perche soffir questi empi?
Fulminar poi le torri, e i vostri Tempi.
Salust. 1.
(O ciel qu'elle manie)
Boscan. 3. of Leander.
Boluiendo al cielo sus cansadosoios,
A los mayores dioses y menores,
A todos inuoco congrandes ruegos,
Y a Venus ya Neptuno mas que à todos,
Conlagrimas diziendo estas palabras.
O santa Venus que en la mar naciste. &c.
Sometimes griefe and miserie.
Homer. 1. Iliad.
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Virg. Aeg. 1.
Impius hac tam culta noualia miles habebis?
Barbarus has segetes? en quò discordia ciues
Perduxit miseros: en quess conseuimus agros.
Sir Philip Syd. 1. Musidorus.
O miserable wretch, whether doo thy destinies guide thee?
Torquat. Tass. 2. Olinda.
Ahi tanto amo la non amante amata.
Salust. 5. Semaine.
He! que ne vendrions nous,
Pour fournir aux souhaits d'vne auarice extreme,
Puis que pour vn peu d'or nous nous vendons nousmesmes?
Boscan. 1.
O muger desconocida,
O dolor, O perdimiento,
Vuestromal conocimiento
Me hai traido en esta vida,
Que hora siento.
Sometimes pitie and commiseration.
Homer Ρ. Iliad. Iupiter of Hector.
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Virgil. 1. Aeneid. Mercurie to Aeneas.
—tu nunc Carthaginis altae
Fundament a locas, pulchramque vxorius vrbem
Extruis, heu regni, rerum
que
oblite tuarum.
2. Aeg.
Eheu, quid volui misero mihi? floribus austrū
Perditus, & liquidis immisifontibus apros.
Aeg. 1.
Spem gregis, ah, silice in nuda connixa reliquit.
2 Aen.
Hei mihi qualis erat, quantum mutatus ab illo
Hectore, qui redit exuuias indutus Achillis.
And,
O patria, ô diuûm domus Ilium, & inclyta bello
Maenia Dardanidûm.
Sir Philip Sydney 2. Dorus.
Alas, excellent Mopsa, consider, that a vertuous Prince requires the life of his meanest subiect, and the heauenlie sunne disdaines not to giue light to the smallest worme.
Torquat. Tass. 12.
Misero, di che gods? ò quanto mesti
Siano i trionfi, & infoelice ilvanto:
Gli occhi tuoi pagheran (s'in vitaresti)
Di quel sangue ogni stilla vn mar di pianto.
Salust. 2. in the description of the flood.
Plus il cerche la terre, & plus & plus, helas,
Ill'a sent, effrayé, se perdre sous ses pas.
Garcilass. 1. Aeglog.
Ay quanto m' engannaua,
ay quan diferente era,
y quan de otra manera. &c.
Sometimes cursing.
Homer. 1. Il.
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3.
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Virgilius 4. Aeneid.
Sed mihi vel, tellus optem prius ima dehiscat,
Vel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad vmbras,
Pallentes vmbras Erebi, noctémque profundam,
Ante, pudor, quàm te violo, aut tua iura resoluo.
2. Aen.
At tibi pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis,
Dij, (siqua est coelo pietas qua talia curet)
Persoluant grates dignas, &c.
Sir Philip Syd. Pyrocles to Philoclea.
There is none here &c. but onlie the almightie powers, whom I inuoke to bee the triers of my innocencie. And if euer my thoughts did receiue so much as a faint in their true affection: if they haue not continuallie with more and more ardour, from time to time pursued the possession of your sweetest fauour: if euer in that possession they receiued either spot or fellowship, thē let there most horrible plagues fall vpon me: let mine eyes be depriued of the light, which did abuse the heauenly beames that stroke them: let my falsified tongue serue to no vse, but to bemone mine owne wretchednes. Let my hart impoysoned with detestable treason, be the seate of infernall sorowe: let my soule with the endlesle anguish of his conscience, become his owne tormentor.
Torquat. Tass 4. Armida.
Ahi che fiama dal cielo anzi in me scenda,
Santa Honestà, ch'io le tue legge offenda.
In Amynt. 46.
O chiun
que
ti fosti, che insegnasti
Primo a vender l'amor, sia maledetto
Il tuo cener sepulto, e l'ossa fredde,
E non si treus mai pastore, e nimfa
Che lor dica passando, habbiate pace,
Ma le bagni la pioggia, e moua il vento,
E con pie immondo la gregia il calpestri,
E'l peregrin.
Salust. Iudith. 1.
Plustost dessus mes piés, Terre, creuasse toi,
Et dans ton sein ombreus Beaute, englouti moi:
Plustost, ô iuste ciel, lance sur moi ce foudre,
Dont tu mis courroucé, iadis Sodome en poudre:
Que sous vn voile saint, ma malice sachant
Ie donne aux fils d'Isac vn conseil si meschant.
Garcilass. Aeg. 1. Salicius.
O dios porque si quiera
pues ves desde tu altura,
esta falsa periura,
causarla muerte d'un estrecho amigo,
no recibe d'el cielo alcun castigo?
Epiphonema is a kinde of exclamation when after the discourse ended, we adde some short acclamation, as a conclusion or shutting vp of all in wondring wise.
Homer 1. Iliad, when he had laid down the miseries of the Graecians, saith thus;
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Virgil when he had told the causes of Iunoes wrath against the Troyans, concludeth
thus;
1. Aeneid.
Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem.
When he had set foorth the natures, proprieties, &c. of horses.
3. Geor.
he maketh vp all thus:
Tantus amor laudum, tantae est vistoria cura.
When hee had laide downe the industrious nature of the busie Bee,
Georg. 4. he addeth,
Tantus amor slorum & generandi copia mellis.
Sir Philip Sydney 3. when hee had expressed the heauie departure of Dorus from his friend Pirocles, endeth thus;
So much his owne heart did finde him faultie, to vnbend anie way the continuall vse of their deare friendship.
5. When he had manifested the inconstancie of the people, and setled perseuerance of Philanax & Euarchus, he addeth;
So euil ballanced be the extremities of popular mindes, and so much naturall imperiousnes there rests in a wel framed spirit.
Torquato Tasso 15. After the description of the diuers alterations & commutations of regions & kingdomes, he saith;
Tantò mutar può
•
unga eta vetusta.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
When he had taught that there was no vacuum by examples of water, howre glasses, Conduites, &c. he shuttteth vp all thus:
Tant & tant à tous corps le vuide est odieux.
Garcilasso when he had expressed the transformation of Daphne, hee vseth this acclamation to make vp all;
O miserable estado, o mal tamanno,
que conllorarla, crezca cada dia
la causa y la razon porque lloraua.
Licence also & libertie of speach seemeth to be a certaine exclamation; when in the presence of those to whome otherwise wee owe dutie and reuerence, wee speake boldly and confidently. For examples let these suffice till I call to minde better.
Homer. 1. Il Achilles to Agamemnon.
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And that which there followeth.
Virgil. 2. Aeneid. of Sinon.
Ille haec deposit a tandem formidine fatur.
Cuncta equidem tibi rex, fuerit quocun
que
fatebor,
Veta, inquit, neque me Argolica de gente negabo.
Hoc primum: neque si miserum fortuna Sinonem
Finxit, vanum etiam mendacem
que
improba finget.
Then.
Eripui fateor laetho me, & vnicula rupi. &c.
By and by.
Nec tacui demens, & me, fors siqua tuisset,
Promisi vltorem, & verbis odia aspera moui.
After,
Sed quid ego haec autem nequicquam ingrata reuoluo?
Quidue moror? si omnes vno ordine habetis Achiuos
Id
que
audire sat est, iamdudum sumite poenas,
Hoc Ithacus velit, & magno mercentur Atride.
Sir Philip Sydney. 5. Gynecia.
I therefore say to thee, ô iust Iudge, that I, and onlie, I, was the worker of Basilius death: they were these hands that gaue vnto him that poysonous potion, that hath brought death to him, and losse to Arcadia. It was I, and none but I, that hastned his aged yeares to an vnnaturall end, and that haue made all this people orphanes of their royal father: I am the subiect that haue killed my Prince: I am the wife that haue murdered my husband: I am a degenerate woman, an vndoer of this Countrey, a shame of my children.
What couldest thou haue said more, ô Philanax? and all this I graunt.
Torquat. Tass. 2. Sofronia.
—ilreo si troua al tuo cospetto,
Opra è il furto, signor, de questa mano,
Io l'imagine tolsi, io son colei,
Che tù ricerchi: e me punir tu dei.
Salust. Iudith. 3. The Moabites to Holofer.
Seigneur, ce n'est la peur, & moins l'extremitè,
Ou nous voions reduite vn amie Cité,
Qui nous fait ranuerser les emprises guerrieres.
Car auant que quitter tes heureuses banieres,
Pour toi nous deffirons tous les dieus immortels:
Pour toi nous briserons leurs encenses autels:
Pour toi nous franchirons le Pinot Antarctique,
Et l' eternel glaçon de la contrée Arctique:
Pour toi nos bras hardis entreprendont d'oter
Letrident à Neptune, & l'aigle à Iupiter:
Pour toile fis cruel n'esparguera le pere,
Nile pere le fis, nile frere le trere.
Boscan. 3. Leander to Her.
Yo mismo sere el barco y el remero,
Y siendo el lleuador, sere el lleuado.
Y o rompere las ondas de Neptuno,
Y mi proa porne contra los vientos
De Eolo, y no me turbaran los phocas,
Nime ternan las muy peynadas nimphas,
Aun
que
Thetis alli venga con ellas,
Mostrando los suspechos sobre l'agua:
Ni aquellos con sus rostros monstruoses,
Ni aquestas con sus hermosuras blandas
Diuertirme podran de mi camino.
No temere los montes de las aguas,
Ni el bramido d'el mar embrauecido. &c.
Cap 28. Of Epanorthosis.
THe calling backe of a mans selfe followeth, when any thing is reuoked, and it is as it were, a cooling of that heate of exclamation whereof wee latelie spake. It is either Epanorthosis, or Aposiopesis: Epanorthosis correction, is, when any thing passed is called backe.
Homer. 1. Il, Agamemnon, when he had railed on Achilles.
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V. 2. Aen.
Nec requieuit enim donec Chaloante ministre:
Sed quid ego hac autem nequicquam ingrata reuoluo?
3. Geor.
Sed fugit interea, fungit irreparabile tempus,
Singula dum capti circumuectamur amore.
Sir Philip Sydney 2.
In the Countrey of Thessalia (alas why name I that accursed Countrey, which brings forth nothing but matter for tragedies? but name it I must) in Thessalia I
say there was (well I may say there was) a Prince: no, no Prince, whom bondage wholly possessed, but yet accompted a Prince and named Musidorus. O Musidorus, Musidorus! But to what end serue exclamations, where there are no eares to receaue the sound?
Torquat. Tass. Of Latino who saw his fiue sonnes slaine by Solyman
Il padre (ah non più padre! ah fera sorte &c.
Salust 2. Semaine.
Hebrieu, non plus Hebrieu, ains semerice barbare,
D'vn Lestrygon, d'vn Tur, d'vn Scytlie, d'vn Tartare,
Dy moy, que pensoy tu, que pensoy tu voyant
Ton temple menacè d'vne glaiue flamboyant?
Boscan 1.
Mas para queme fatigo
en escreuir mi tormento.
Cap. 29 Of Aposiopesis.
A Aposiopesis, Reticentia, concealing, is when the course of a speach begun is in such sortstaid, that some part thereof not vttred, is neuertheles perceiued.
Homer. 1. Iliad. Achilles saith.
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Virgill. Aen. 1. Neptune.
I am coelum terrámque meo sine numine venti
Miscere, & tantas audet is tollere moles?
Quos ego: sed praestat motos componere fluctus.
Aeglog 3. Dametas.
Nouimus & qui te, transuersa tuentibus hircis
Et quo, sed faciles nympha risere sacello.
There Menal.
Cantando tu illum? aut vnquam tibi fistula cera
Iuncta fuit?
5. Aen. Mnestheus,
Non i am prima peto Mnestheus, neque vincere certo:
(Quanquam ô,) sed superēt quibus hoc Neptune dedisti.
9. Nisus,
Me me, adsum quifeci, in me conuertite ferrum
O Rutuli! mea fraus omnis, nihil iste nec ausus,
Nec potuit.
Sir Philip Sydney. 2. Nico.
And if I better sing, let me thy Cosma kisse.
Pas answereth.
Kisse her? now maist thou kisse.
47. Sonet.
Vertue awake, beautie but beautie is,
I may, I must, I can, I will, I doo
Leaue folowing that, which it is gaine to misse.
Let her doo: soft, but here she comes: goe too
Vnkind I loue you not. ô me, that eye
Doth make my heart giue to my tongue thelye.
Cap. 30. Of Apostrophe.
THus much of Epanorthosis and Aposiopesis which respect the matter: now follow Apostrophe & Prosopopoia which touch the person. Apostrophe turning away, is when the speach is turned to some such person to whom it was not first prepared, sometimes the turning is to men.
Homer. Il. 2. Thersites turneth his tale from Agamemnon to the Gracians.
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Virg. En. 2.
mdash;Nec te tua plurima Panthu
Labentem pietas, nec Apollinis infula texit.
Aen. 4.
Quis tibi tune, Dido, cernentitalia, sensus?
Quosue dabas gemitus?
Aen. 6.
Eruet ille Argos, Agamemnonias
que
Mycaenas,
Ipsum
que
Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli,
Vltus auos Troia, templa & temerata Minerua.
Quis te, Magne Cato, tacitum: aut te,, Cósse, relinquat?
Quis Gracchi genus, aut geminoi, duo fulmina belli,
Scipiadas, cladem Lybiae? paruo
que
potentem
Fabritium? vel te sulco, Serrane, serentem?
Quo fessum rapitis Fabij? tu Maximus ille es
Vnus, qui nobis cunctando rostitues rem.
Sir Philip Sydney S. Philanax.
But now my speach must be directed
to you, good Master Dorus, who with Pallas helpe pardy, are latelie growne Palladius.
Torquat. Tass. 1. in the catalog of the Captaines.
Oue voi me, di numerar già lasso,
Gildippe, & Odoardo amanti, esposi
Rapite? ô ne la guerra anco consorti,
Non sarete disgiunti, anchor che morti.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
Prophane, qui t'enquiers, quel important affaire
Peut l'esprit & les mains de ce dieu solitaire
Occuper si long temps.
Elsewhere,
Camposez hardiment, ô sages grecs, les cieux. &c.
Sometimes from men, to Gods.
Homer. 2. Iliad. Agamemnon, from Nestor to Iupiter.
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Virgil 1. Georg.
Dij patrij Indigetes, & Romule, Vestáque mater
Quae Tuscum Tiberim, & Romana palatia seruas,
Hunc saltem euerso iuuenem succurrere saeclo
Ne prohibete: satis iampridem sanguine nostro
Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae.
Sir Philip Sydney 3. Dicus.
Pan, father Pan, the god of silly sheepe,
Whose care is cause that they in number growe:
Haue much more care of them that them doo keepe,
Since from their good, the others good doth flow.
Torquato Tasso 11.
Te, Genitor: te figlio eguale al paare,
E te, che d'ambo vniti, amando spiri:
E te d'huomo, é de dio, vergine è madre,
Inuocano propitia à i lor desiri, &c.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
C'est alors, c'est alors, ô dieu que ton fils cher
Qui semble estre affublè d'vne fragile chair.
Descendra glorieux des voutes estoilees, &c.
Boscan 2.
O poder eternal y sober ano
quien sanara con propria diligencia,
sila salud no datu largo mano.
In Apostrophes are contained poëticall inuocations.
Homer. 1. Iliad.
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Virgil. 1. Aeneid.
Musa mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
Quidue doleus regina deûm, tot voluere casus
Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
Impulerit? tantae ne animis caelestibus irae?
1. Geor.
—vos ô clarissima mundi
Lumina, labentem calo qui ducitis annum,
Liber, & alma Ceres—
4. Geor.
Quis deus hanc; Musa, quis nobis extudit artem? &c.
Sir Philip Sydney. 1. Dorus.
O Muse historifie
Her praise, whose praise to learne your skill hath framed mee.
Torquat. Tass. 4.
Mà di tu Musa, come i primi danni
Mandassero à Christiani, & di quai parti:
Tu'l sai, & di tant opra à noi si lunge
Debil aura di fama à pena giunge.
Salust. 1. Semaine.
Mais ô Muse, di-moy quels sont tousces oiseaux,
Qui quittent, pour voler, les iongs, & les roseaux?
Boscan. 3.
O polimnia agora el tiempo pide,
que te buelua a pedir algun socorro
conque des a mi canto vn nueuo aliento.
Sometimes to a dumb and senselesse creature, sometimes to brute beasts.
Homer. 24. Iliad.
bringeth in Andromache speaking to the dead corps of Hector.
Virgil. Aeglog. 2.
Et vos ô lauri carpam, & te, proxima Myrte:
Sic positae quoniam suaues miscetis odores.
1. aeg.
Ite meae, foelix quondam pecus, ite capellae,
Non ego vos post hac, &c.
Sir Philip Sydney. 2.
Alas poore Lute, how much thou art deceiued, to thinke that in my miseries, thou could est case my woes, as in my careles times, thou wert wont to please my fancies.
Torquat. Tass. where Clorinda and Tancred fought in the night.
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profondo, oscure seno
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, e
•…
d' oblio fatto si grande:
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,
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•…
'l tragga: e'n bel ser
•…
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spieghi, e mande:
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lor
•…
, etrà lor glaria
Spl
•…
da del
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alta memoria.
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.
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in
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,
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del
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care
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sparso, e nobilossae. &c.
12. Argante.
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, che prometta
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•…
cielo: e se'nciò manco:
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capo, io la vendett
•…
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homicida France.
Salust. Hebd. 3. Semaine.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
, ô terre, ô terre portegrains,
Porte-or, porte-santè, porte-habite, porte-humaine. &c.
Boscan. 2.
Cancion si de muy largate culparen,
Responde les que sufran con paciencia,
Que vngran dolor à todo dalicencia.
Sometimes this figure is vsed in the verie beginning of a speach; but not oft: as by Tullie, where he turneth from the Senators, and exclaimeth against Catilines insolencie. How long Catiline, &c.
Cap. 31. Of Prosopopoia.
PRosopopoia is a fayning of any person, when in our speach we represent the person of anie, and make it speake as though he were there present: an excellent figure, much vsed of Poets, wherein wee must diligentlie take heede, that the person thus represented haue a speach fit and conuenient for his estate and nature. A Prosopopoia is either perfect, or imperfect: imperfect, when the speach of some other person is but brought in by the way and lightlie and sleightlie represented.
V. Aeg. 6.
Cum canerem réges & praelia, Cynthius aurem
Vellit, & admonuit: pastorem, Tityre, pingues
Pascere oportet oues, deductum dicere carmen.
Sir Philip Sydney of Dametas.
At length, staying, hee came a little neerer her againe, but still without the compasse
of blowes, holding one leg as it were readie to runne away; & then fell to scolding and rayling, swearing, it was but a litle bashfulnesse in him, that had made him goe backe, and that if she stayed anie longer, he would make her see, his bloud came out of the eldest shepheards house in that Countrey.
The perfect Prosopopoeia is, when the whole speach of anie person is fully and liuely represented; wherin we must make both a fit and orderly accesse too, and regresse from the same Prosopopoeia.
Homer 2. Iliad.
describeth Thersites excellently, and there giueth him a fit speach for such a personage.
So he maketh Patroclus appeare in sleep to Achilles. 5. Iliad.
So 1. Iliad.
Patroclus bringeth in Peleus Achilles father, speaking thus.
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,
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.
This is as it were the preparation; the speach of Peleus followeth.
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.
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.
This is the Prosopopoeia of Peleus, which is thus left off;
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.
Virgil. Aeneid. 1. Of Aeneas.
—& dictis moerentia pectora mulcet.
O socij (neque enim ignari sumus antemalorum)
O passi grauiora! dabit Deus his quoque finem.
Vos & Scyllaeam rabiem, penitus
que
sonantes
Accestis scopulos: vos & Cyclopea saxa
Experti: reuocate animos, moestùmque timorem
Mittite: forsan & haec olim meminisse iuuabit.
Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum
Tendimus in Latium, sedes vbi fata quietas
Ostendunt: illie fas regna resurgere Troiae:
Durate, & vosinet rebus seruate secundis.
Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus ager,
Spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.
So of Achemenides 3. Aeneid.
Cùm subitò è syluis, macie confecta suprema
Ignoti noua forma viri, miserandáque cultu
Procedit, suppléxque manus ad littora tendit.
Respicimus: dira illuuies, immissa
que
barba,
Consertum tegimen spinis: at caetera Graius,
Et quondam patrijs ad Troiam missus in armis.
Is
que
vbi Dardanios habitus & Troia vidit
Arma procul: paulùm aspectu conterritus haesit,
Continuitque gradum: mox sese ad littora praeceps
Cum fletu, precibúsque tulit. Per sidera testor,
Per superos, atque hoc coeli spirabile lumen,
Tollite me Teucri, quascunque abducite terras.
Hoc sat erit. Scio me Danais è classibus vnum,
Et bello Iliacos fateor perijsse penates:
Pro quo, sisceleria tanta est iniuria nostra,
Spargite me influctus, vastóque immergite ponto.
Si pereo, hominum manibus perijsse iuuabit.
Dixerat, & genua amplexus genibisque volutans
Harebat.
Sir Philip Sydney 1. Of Musidorus clad in shepheards weedes.
She might percetue a farre off one cō
ming towards her in the apparaile of a shepheard, with his armes hanging down, going a kinde of languishing pace, with his eyes sometimes cast vp to heauen, as though his fancie straue to moūt vp higher; somtimes thrown down to the groūd, as if the earth could not beare the burden of his paines: at length she heard him with a lamentable tune sing these few verses:
Come shepheards weedes, become your masters mind,
Yeeld outward shew, what inward change he tries,
Nor be abasht, since such a guest you find,
Whose strongest hope in your weake comfort lies.
Come shepheards weeds, attend my wofull cries,
Disuse your selues from sweet Menalcaes voyce,
For other be those tunes which sorowe ties,
From those cleare notes which freelie may reioyce.
Then powre out plaints, and in one word say this,
Helples his plaint who spoyles himselfe of blisse.
And hauing ended, she might see him strike himselfe vppon the breast, vttering
these words. O miserable wretch, whether doothy destinies guide thee?
Torquat. Tass. 3. Godfrey to his Souldiers.
Il saggio Capitan, che l'ardimento
Solite loro, in essi hor non comprende:
Cerca con lieto volto, è conparole
Come gli rassicuri, è riconsole.
O per mille perigli, è mille affanni
Meco passati in quelle parti, e'n queste,
Campion di Dio, ch'à ristorare i danni
De la Christiana sua fede nasceste,
Voi, che l'arme di Persia, è i Greci ing anni
E i monti, è i mari, el verno, è le tempeste,
De la fame i disagi, & de la sete
Superaste: voi dunque hora temete?
Dun
que
il signor, che m'indirizza, è moue
Già conosciuto in caso assai più
•
io,
Non v'assicura? quasi hor volga altroue
La man de la clementia, e'lguardo pio.
Tosto vn difia, che rimembrar vi gious
Gli scorsi affanni, è sciorre i voti à dio.
Hor durate magnanimi, è voi stessi
Serbate, prego,
〈◊〉
i prosperi successi.
Con queste detti le smarxite menti
Consola, è con sereno è lieto aspetto:
Mà preme mille cure egro è dolenti
Altamente riposte in mezz' alpetto.
Salust. Iudith. 2, God to Moses.
Vniour que cet Hebrieu sur Oreb menoit paitre
Les laineuses brebis de son beau pere Ietre,
Il voit, tout effraié comme vn rougeatre feu
Sans amorce s'espend en vn halier toufu:
D'où sort auec grand bruit vne telle parole
Qui soudain fait trembler & la terre & le polo.
Iesuis cil qui seul est, seul fut, & seul sera:
Cil qui de rien fit tout, & qui fort reduira
S'il veut, le tout en tien. Iesuis le grand, le iuste,
Le beau, le bon, le saint, dont la dextre robuste
Balance l'vniuers. Iesuis le tout-puissant,
Qu' Abram seul adoroit: qui d'vn fleau puissant
Destrui mes enemis, & qui benin, fa grace
A ceux qui m'ont pour Dieu voire à toute leur race.
Si doncques mon vouloir. Va-ten, despeche toi,
Fai scauoir de ma part à ce profane roy,
Qui tient les tours de Memphe, & la grasse campagne,
Que le Nil debordé de son flot riche bagne,
Qu'il assranchisse Isac. Et de peur que le roy
Incredule ne mettent en doute ton enuoy,
Ieveus que sur les fleurs ta houlette alongee,
Pour confirmer ta charge, en serpent soit changee.
Boscan. 3. of Hero.
Ella mouida entonces con mas san̄a,
Nise dexolleuar por donde el quiso,
Nisobre el manto le sufrio la mano,
Mas buelta sobre si congraue gesto,
Semeiantes palabras d'estas dizo:
O hombre que veniste por mal tuyo
A este templo, a des lustrar mi houra,
Sin entender quan gran locura emprendes.
No sabes tu que soy sierua de Venus,
Y virgin, y por virgen que la siruo?
No sabes tulos hombres de mi sangre
Que ti castigaran, si saben esto?
Y no sabes tambien que estoy criada
Engrande encerramiento con mis padres?
Y que nunca salit querer llegar
Allecho virginal, es cosa dura:
Vete y iamas parezcas do estuuiere.
Esto dicho callà como vencida,
Conlagrimas venidas à los oyos
Pero bueltas atras luego en vn punto.
By this figure wee sometimes make dumme and senceles things speake.
So
Homer. Τ. Iliad.
makes Xanthus Achilles horse speake.
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, &c.
And endeth thus.
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Virgil. 3. Aeneid.
maketh the Images of the Troian Godds appeare to Aeneas in sleepe, expounding the Oracles, instructing him in his way, &c. And there, the chief of the Harpies, Celeno speaketh thus.
Vna in praecelsa consedit rupe Celeno,
Infoelix vates, rupitque hanc pectore vocem.
Bellum etiam pro caede boum, stratis
que
iuuencis,
Laomedontiadae, bellumne inferre paratis?
Et patrio insontes Harpyas pellere regno?
Accipite ergo animis, atque haec mea figite dicta.
Quae Phaebe pater omnipotens, mihi Phaebus Apollo
Praedixit, vobis furiarum ego maxima pando.
Italiam cursu petitis, ventis
que
vocatis
Ibitis Italianm portus
que
intrare licebit:
Sed non ante datam cangetis maenibus vrbem,
Quàm vos dira fames, nostra
que
iniuria caedis
Ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas.
Dixit & in syluas pennis ablata refugit.
Sir Philip Sydney 5. Philanax to Euarchus.
And giue me leaue, excellent Euarchus, to say it, I am but the representer of all the late florishing Arcadia, which now with mine eyes doth weepe, with my tongue doth complaine, with my knees doth lay it selfe at your feete, which neuer haue bin vnreadie to carie you to the vertuous protecting of innocents. Imagine, vouchsafe to imagine, most wise & good King, that here is before your eyes the pitifull spectacle of a most dolorous ending tragedie. Wherein I doo but play the part of al this now miserable prouince, which being spoyled of her guide, doth lie like a shipp without a Pilote, tumbling vp and downe in the vncertaine waues, till it either runne it selfe vpon the rocke of selfe diuision, or bee ouerthrowne by the stormie windes of forraine force. Arcadia
finding her selfe in these desolate termes, doth speake, and I speake for her, to thee not vainlie puissant Prince. That since now she is not onlie robbed of the naturall support of her Lord, but so sodainlie robbed, that she hath not breathing time, to stand for her safetie: so vnfortunatelie, that it dooth appale her minde though shee had leisure, and so mischieuouslie, that it doth exceed both the sodaines and vnfortunatenes of it: thou wilt bend thine armes vnto her, and as a man, take compassion of mankind: as a vertuous man, chastice most abominable vice; and as a Prince protect a people. &c.
Torquat. Tass. 20. Emiren to the Souldiers.
Credi, dicea, che la tua patria spieghi
Per la mia lingua, in tai parole, i preghi.
Guarda tù le mie leggi, e i sacri tempi:
Fà, che io del sangue mio, non bagni, e laui,
Assicura le vergini da gli empi,
E i sepolcri, e le cineri de gli aui.
A te, piaigendo i lor passati tempi,
Mostran la bianca chioma i vecchi graui,
A te la moglie le mammelle, e'l petto:
Le cune, e i faghi, e'l marital suo letto.
16. He makes the Parrat to speak.
Volafràgli altrivu, che le piume hà sparte
Di color vari: & è purpureo il rostro:
E lingua suoda in guisa varia: e parte
La voce si, ch' assembra il sermon nostro.
Quest'iui alhor continuo con arte
Tanta il parlar che fà mirabil mostro.
Taequero gli altri ad ascoltarlo intenti:
Efermaro i susurri in aria i venti.
Deh mira, egli canto, spuntar la rosa
Dal verde suo: modesta, e verginella,
Che mezzo aperta ancora, e mezzo ascosa:
Quanto si mostra men, tant' è piu bella,
Ecco poi nudo ilsen già baldanzosa
Dispiega. Ecco poi langue: e non par quella:
Quella non par, che desiata innanti
Fu da mille donzelli, e mille amanti.
Cest trapassa, al trapassar d'un giorno,
Da la vita mortale il fiore, e'l verde,
Ne perche faccia indietro Aprilritorno:
Si rinfiora ella mai, ne si rinuerde.
Cogliam la rosa in su'l mattino adorno
Di questo di, che tosto il seren perde:
Cogliam d' amor la rosa: amiamo hor quando
Esser si puote riamato amando.
Tacque: e concorde de gli augelli il choro
Quasi approuando.
Salust. 2. Semaine. That of the Serpent.
Ingress.
Le dragon pur forcer l'humaine forteresse, &c.
The Speach.
Eue second honneur de ce grand vniuers, &c.
Regress.
Auec l'ayr de ces mots l'infidele viper
Souffle vn air venemeux au sein de nostre mere, &c.
2. Semaine. 6. Of God seeing the tower of Babel.
Ingress.
Quoy voyant l'eternel, &c.
Speach.
Voyez, dit il, ices nains, voyez ceste racaillè, &c.
Regress.
Celadit, tout soudain sespand confusement,
Vn ie ne scay quel brust par tout le bastement.
Cap. 32. Of Addubitation.
TThe cōference or debating followeth, and it is either in asking, or in answering. In asking be conteined deliberation, and occupation, or preuenting and meeting with an obiection. Deliberation is, when we aske and enquire in consultation wise: then when wee haue thus for a while helde the auditors in suspence, we determine of some what eyther more or lesse contrarie to their expectation. Deliberation is either in Addubitation, or communication. Addubitation or doubting is a kinde of deliberation with our selues.
Homer χ. Iliad Hector.
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,
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,
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.
And so forward, for it is all excellent and conteineth thirtie linei more.
Virgil. Aeneid. 4 Dido.
Sic adeò insistit, secémque ita corde volutat.
En quid agam? rursúsne precos irrisa priores
Experiar, Nomadúmque petam connubia supplex
Quos ego sum toties iam dedignat a maritos?
Iliacas igitur classes, atque vltima Teucrûm
Iussa sequar, quia me auxilio iuuat ante leuatos,
Et benè apud memores veteris stat gratia facti?
Quis me autem, fac velle, sinet, ratibúsque superbis
Irrisam accipiet? nescis, heu perdita, necdum
Laomedontea sentis periúria gentis.
Quid tum? sola fuga nautas comitabor ouantes?
An Tyrijs, omnique manu stipata meorum
Insequar? & quos Sydonia vix vrbe reuelli,
Rursus agam pelago, & ventis dare vela iubebo?
Quin morere, vt merita ei, ferróque auerte dolorem.
Sir Philip Sydney. 2. Gynecia.
Yet if my desire, how vniust soeuer it be, might take effect, though a thousand deaths followed it, and euerie death followed with a thousand shames, yet should not my sepulchre receiue mee without some contentment. But, alas, sure I am not, that Cleophila is such as can aunswere my loue: and if she be, how can I thinke shee▪ will? since this disguising must needes come for some foretaken conceipt. And either way, wretched Gynecia, where cāst thou finde anie smal gtound-plot for hope to dwell vpon? No, no, it is Philoclea his heart is set vpon, if hee bee a hee, it is my daughter which I haue borne to supplant me. But if it bee so; the life I haue giuen thee, vnnaturall Philoclea, I will sooner with these hands bereaue thee of▪ than my
birth shall glorie she hath bereaued mee of my desires. In shame there is no comfort, but to be beyond all bounds of shame.
Torquat. Tass. 4. Armida.
Che, poiche legge d'honestate e zelo
Non vuol, che quì si lungamente indugi?
A cui ricorro intànto? oue mi celo?
O quai contra'l tiranno haurò rifugi?
Nessun loco si chiuso è sot'il cielo
Ch'à l'or nons'apra: horperche tanti indugi?
Veggio là morte, & silfuggir è vano,
Incontr'à lei n'andro con questa mano.
In 16. is a singular addubitation of Armida when Rinaldo fled.
And in 22. another of Tancrede, when he perceiued that he had slaine Clorinda.
Salust, that of Iudith is most excellent, Iudith. 6.
Iudit, c'est à ce coup (dit elle) que ton bras
Doit deliurer Iacob: Mais non, ne le fai pas.
Si, faile: mais non sai: voi laisse cete crainte.
Tu veus donc profaner l'hospitalité sainte?
Cen' est la profaner, plus sainte elle sera,
Quand par elle ma main les sains garantira.
Mais sans honte iamais le traitre ne peut viure.
Traitre est ceil qui trahit, non qui ses murs deliure.
Mais contre les meurtriers le ciel est irrité.
Tout homme qui meurtrit n'est meurtrier reputé.
He▪ n'est il pas meurtrier cil qui meurtrit son Prince!
Holoferne est tyran, non roy de ma prouince.
Mais quoi? dieu maintenant le nous done pour roy.
Celui n'est point de dieu, qui guerroie sa loi.
Tons peuuent etre donc des tyrans homicides?
Iahel, Aho, Ichu furent Tyrannicides.
Voire, mais il leur fut commande du seigneur.
D'vne pareille loi le sen sorcer mon coeur.
Las! pour saire vn tel coup, ton brace à peu de force.
Assés fort est celui qui l'Eternel renforce.
Mais aiant fait le coup, qui te garentira?
Dieu m'à conduite ici, Dieu me ramenera.
Que si dieu te deliure es mains des infideles?
Mortle Duc ie ne crain les mors les plus crueles.
Mais quoi? tu souleras leur impudicité?
Mon cors peut etre à eus, mais non ma volontê.
Boscan. 3. Leander.
O flaco coraçon despuestes que osaste,
Emprender la masalta y peligrosa
Empresa, que iamasse haya emprendido:
No osaste tu mirar Hero en el templo?
No osaste tener euenta consus oios?
No osaste declarar te por su sieruo?
No osaste de recebir la merced grande,
Que su valer te hizo en admitirte?
No osaste en fin tan alto leuantarte,
Que pudiste alcanzar merecimiento,
De ser en breue tiempo su marido.
Pues si esto osaste que ay que osar agora:
Temes quiça d'el mar lasbrauas ondas?
No temes mas aina el fuego ardiente,
Que abrasando t'esta dentro en tu alma?
Implacable es la mar, pero impacable
Es mas el fuerte amor que en ti esta ardiendo.
Confia coraçon de l' alta Venus,
Pues que en la mar nacio, y en ella reyna,
Que se hizo el effuerço, que tenias,
Quando muy en tu seso alla en el templo?
Dezias à tu Hero mansamente:
Yo rompere las ondas de Neptuno,
Y la proa porne contra los vientos
De Eolo? mas fue entonces prometello
Visto el lugar ado lo prometiste,
Qu' es agora cumplir lo prometido.
Mira do està tu lumbre a la ventana,
Centelleando assi tan viuamente,
Que en su centellear muestra lla marte.
Espera te tu gozo, y tu te tardas?
Tu mayor bien te aguarda, y tu no buelas?
O coraçon tu estas alla en tu cuerpo,
No me detengas mas aca este mio,
Recogete en tu fuego, y passa l' agua,
Salta en la mar, ten oio à la tu lumbre,
Ella te lleuara por do quisieres,
Sin que llegues tus plantas à las ondas,
Hasta dexarte puesto entre los braços,
De aquella para quien naci en el mundo.
And that of Albanio, Aeg. 2. in Garcilasso.
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Cap. 33. Of Communication.
COmmunication is a consultation, or deliberation with others. Some such thing is in, 2. Il. in Thersites his speach.
Virg. 4. Aen.
Anna refert: ó luce magis dilecta sorori,
Solane perpetua maerens carpère iuuenta?
Nec dulces natos, Veneris nec praemia noris?
Id cinerem, aut manes credis curare sepultos?
Estò, aegram nulli quondam flexêre mariti,
Non Lybiae, non ante Tyro despectus Iarbas,
Ductores
que
alij, quos Africa terra triumphis
Diues alit: placitóne etiam pugnabis amori?
Nec venit in mentem quorum consederis aruis?
Hinc Getulae vrbes genus insuperabile bello,
Et Numidae infraeni cingunt, & inhospita Syrtis:
Hinc deserta siti regio, late
que
furentes
Barcaei: Quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam,
Germaníque minas?
Dijs equidem auspicibus reor, & Iunone secunda,
Huc cursum Iliacas vento tenuisse carinas.
Quam tu vrbem soror hanc cernes, quae surgere regna
Coniugio tali? Teucrûm comitantibus armis
Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus?
Tu modò posce deos veniam, sacris
que
litatis,
Indulge hospitio, causas
que
innecte morandi,
Dum pelago desaeuit hyems, & aquosus Orion,
Quassataeque rates, & non tractabile caelum.
Sir Philip Sydney. 2. Philoclea.
Alas how painfull a thing it is to a diuided
minde, to make a well ioyned aunswere? how hard it is to bring inward shame to outward confession? and how foolish, trow you, must that answere bee, which is made, one knowes not to whō? Shall I say, ô Cleophila? alas your words be against it: shal I say prince Pirocles? wretch that I am, your shew is manifest against it. But this, this, I well may say, if I had continued, as I ought, Philoclea, you had either euer been, or neuer been Cleophila. You had either neuer attempted this change, fed with hope, or neuer discouered it, stopt with dispaire. But I feare me, my behauiour ill gouerned, gaue you the first comfort; I feare me my affection ill led, hath giuen you this last assurance. If my Castle had not seemed weake, you would neuer haue brought these disguised forces. No, no, I haue betraied my self, it was well seene I was glad to yeeld, before I was assaulted. Alas, what then shall I doo? shal I seeke farre fetched inuentions? shall I seeke to lay colours ouer my decaied thoughts, or rather, though the purenes of my virgin mind be stained, let me keep the true simplicitie of my word. True it is,
alas, too true it is, ô Cleophila, for so I loue to call thee, since in that name my loue first began, and in the shade of that name, my loue shall best bee hidden; that euen while so thou wert (what eye bewitched me I knowe not) my passions were farre fitter to desire than to be desired. Shall I say then, I am sorie? or that my loue must be turned to hate, since thou art turned to Pirocles? how may that well be, since whē thou wert Cleophila, the despaire thou mightest not bee thus, did then most torment me? Thou hast then the victorie, vse it now with vertue: since from the stepps of vertue, my soule is witnes to it selfe, it neuer hath: and pledge to it selfe, it neuer shall decline. No way to make me leaue to loue thee, but by making me think thy loue vnworthie of me.
Torquat. Tass. 2. Olindo.
Come i ministri al duro officio intenti
Vide, precipitoso vrtò le genti.
Alrègrido: non è, non è già rea
Costei del furto, e per follia se'n vanta:
Non pensò, non ardi, ne far potea
Donna sola, e' nesperta opra cotanta.
Come ingannò i custodi? ò, de la dea
Con qual arte inuolo l' imagin santa?
S'il fece, il narri: io l' ho signor, furata,
Ahi tanto amo la non amante amata. &c.
Salust. Heb. 1. Semaine.
Prophane quit' enquiers, quel important affaire
Peut l'esprit & les mains de ce dieu solitaire
Occuper si long temps? quels souci l' exerça
Durant l'eternité qui ce tout deuança:
Veu qu' à si grand puissance, à si haute sagesse
Rien ne sied point si mal qu' vne morne paresse?
Sache, o blasphemateur, qu' auant c'est vniuers
Dieu bastissoit l'Enfer, pour punier-ces peruers
Dont le sens orguilleus en iugemens appelle
Pour censurer ses faits, la sagesse eternelle.
Quoy? sans bois pour vn temps viura le charpentier,
Le tisserau sains toile, & sans pot le potier:
Et l' ouuner des ouuriers, tout puissant & tout sage
Ne pourra subsister sans ce fragilè ouurage?
Quoy? le preux Scipion pourra dira à son droit
Qu'il n'est iamais moins seul, que quand seul il se voit:
Et dieu ne pourra point (ô ciel qu'elle manie)
Viure qu'en lougaron, s'il vit sans compagnie?
Quoy? des sages Gregeois l' honneur Pryenien
Dira, que luy marchant, chemine tout son bien:
Et dieu, qui richement en tous tresors abonde
Sera necessiteus, sans le tresor du monde?
Cap. 34. Of Praeoccupation.
PRaeoccupation is when we preuēt and meete with that which might bee obiected, and doo also make aunswere to the same: of the first part it is called Praeoccupation, or the laying downe of
the obiection, of the second, subiection, or answering thereunto. So that cōmonlie it hath a kind of prosopopoia adioyned vnto it. This preuenting therfore is either indirect, most fit for beginnings, and more vsed of Orators than of Poets.
Virg Aeg. 2.
Nec te poeniteat calamo triuisse labellum:
Hac eadem vt sciret, quid non faciebat Amyntas?
Sir Philip Sidney 2. Cleophila to the inconstant multitude.
An vnused thing it is, and I thinke not heretofore seene, Arcadians, that a woman should giue publike counsaile to mē, a stranger to the countrey people, and that lastlie in such a presence a priuate person, as I am, should possesse the regall throne. But the strangenes of your action makes that vsed for vertue, which your violent necessitie imposeth. For certainlie a woman may well speake to such men who haue forgotten all manlike gouernment: a straunger may with reason instruct such subiects, that neglect due points of subiection, and is it meruaile this place is entred into by an other, since your owne Luke, after thirtie yeares gouernment,
dare not shewe his face to his faithfull people?
Torquat. Tass. 2. Aletes to Godfredo.
Ma forse hai tu riposta ogni tua spe
•
e
In queste squadre, ond hora cinto siedi:
Ques, che sparsi vincesti, vniti insieme,
Divincer anco ageuolmente credi.
Salust. Heb 2. Semaine.
Pourtant ne cuide point que cest excez reduise
Rien du corps à neant: seulement il desguise
Leur forme en cent façons, sans que le corps des corps
Perde ou gaigne rien, soit dedans soit dehors.
Car tout ce qui se fait, se fait de la matiere,
Qui dans l' antique rien fut faite la premiere.
Tout ce qui se resoult, en elle se resoult.
Boscan. 3. Leander to Hero.
No pienses que te traygo à la memoria
Estas historias, por traer te exemplos,
Que donde la razon esta tan clara,
Escusado sera qualquier exemplo:
digolo por dezirte lo que passa,
Porque no y erres contra la que sirues,
Que gran error seria, si tu errasses.
3. Que diremos agora de Leandro?
Que diremos? sino que padecia
Los mismos acidentes y dolores.
Or ful & direct, that of Musid. to Phila. is ful & perfect, in 5. But you wil say &c.
Boscan. 2.
Buenoes amar, pues como dan̄a tanto?
Grangusto es querer bien, porque entristece?
Plazer es dessear; como aborrece?
Amor es nuestro bien, porque da llanto?
Effuerço amor; pues como causa espanto?
Por el amor el bien d'el alma crece,
Pues como assi por el ella padece?
Como tanto contrarios cubre vn manto?
Cap 35. Of Sufferance.
THus much of asking. Now in answering there is either Permissio, sufferance, or Concessio, a graunting or yeelding vnto. Sufferance is when we mockinglie giue leaue to do somewhat.
Homer. I. Il. Agamemnon to Achilles.
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And after,
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.
Virg. 4. Aen.
—Nunc & Ioue missus ab alto
Interpres diuúm fert horrida iussa per auras.
Scilicet is superis labor est, ea cura quietos
Sollicitat: neque te teneo, neque dicta refello.
I, sequere Italiam ventis: pete regna per vndas.
Sir Philip Sydney. 1. Pyrocles.
If you seeke the victorie, take it, and if you list, triumph: haue you all the reason of the world, and with me remaine all the imperfections?
Torquato. Tasso. 16. Armida to Rinald. flying.
Vattene: epassa ilmar, pugna, etrauaglia.
Struggi la fede nostra.
In Amynt. 28.
Segui, segui tue stile, estimata che sei.
Salust. Hob. 1. Semaine.
Composer hardiment, ô sages grees, les cieux
D'vn cinquieme element: disputes, curieux,
Qu'en leur corps par toutrōd l'aeil humain ne remarquae
Commancement, ny fin: debatez que la parque
Asseruit seulement sous ses cruelles lois
Ce quel' astre argenté reuoid de mois en mois:
Le foible estayement de si vaine doctrine
Pourtant ne sauuera ce grand tout de ruine.
Boscan. 3. Leander to Hero.
Las virgines yran tras su Diana
En soledad de vida por los yermos:
Tu, y las que estays à Venus consagradas,
En lecho coniugal aueys de veros. &c.
Cap. 36. Of graunting.
GRaunting is when we iestinglie admit of anie speach or argument.
Virg. Aen. 10
Italiam petijt fatis authoribus: esto.
Aen 7.
Flectere si nequeo superos, Acheront a mouebo.
Non dabitur regnis (esto) prohibere Latines:
At trahere, atque moras tantis licet addere rebus.
Sir Philip Sydney. 5. Philanax.
But yet euen of fauour, let vs grant him thus much more, as to fancie, that in these foretold things, fortune might bee a great actor, perchance to an euill ende, yet to a lesse euill ende, all these intangled deuises were intended. But I beseech your Ladiship, my Lady Timopirus, tell me what excuse can you finde for the chaunging of your lodging with the Dutchesse, that verie instant she was to finish her excerable practise? how can you cloake the lending of your cloake vnto her? was all that by chaunce too?
Torquat. Tass. 2. Aletes.
Hor quando pure estimi esser fatale,
Che non ti possa il serro vincer mas:
Siati concesso, è siasi à punto tale,
Il decreto del ciel, qual tu tel fai.
Vincer atti la fame: à questo male
Che refugio, per dio, che schermo haurai?
Vibra contra costes la lancia, è stringi
La spada, è la vittoria anco ti fingi.
Salust. Iudith. 3.
Ie ne puis, ni ne veus (respond le gouerneur)
Nier que nous n'aions offensè le siegneur.
Fol est notre conseil, notre promesse est folle,
Mais quoi? nous ne pouuons fausser notre parole, &c.
Boscan. 3.
Mas sea todo en fin como à ti plaze,
tenga sennora el nombre que le dieres
este dolor que l'alma me deshaze.
Sea su nombre tal qual tu quisieres: &c.
This figure delighteth very much whē we grant that which hurteth him to whō it is graunted, as it manie times falleth out in contentious disputations. Thus much of Eloquution in tropes and figures: in al which obserue this one lesson, the more the better: yet with discretion, and without affectate curiositie.
THE SECOND BOOKE.
1. Cap. Of vtterance or pronunciation.
OF Eloquution which was the first part of Rhetorike, wee haue spoken alreadie: it now remaineth to talke of Vtterance or Pronunciation the second part. Vtterance is a fit deliuering of the speach alreadie beautified. It hath two parts, Voyce and Gesture, the one pertaining to the eare, the other belonging to the eye. A good voyce is to be wished: but although it be but meane, we must haue care to keepe and better it, that whatsoeuer wee vtter, it may be pronoūced with a voyce fit for the thing deliuered. The voyce must be neither too lowe, nor too high, but meane: for as the one disgraceth all contention and earnest speach, so the other bewraieth a brawling disposition. Nothing is either better for his voyce that speaketh, or more pleasant to the eares of them that heare, than often changing: nothing more hurtfull to the
one, or harsh to the other, than continuall straining without intermission. To brawle in the beginning with a shriking voyce is rude and vnmannerly. It is best to begin with a submisse voyce, and so ascend by degrees as occasion serueth. The consideration of voyce is to be had either in seuered words, or in the whole sentēce. In the particular applying of the voyce to seuerall words, wee make tropes that bee most excellent plainly appeare. For without this change of voyce, neither anie Ironia, nor liuely Metaphore can well bee discerned.
By that kinde of voyce which belongeth to whole sentences, all kindes of figures and passionate ornaments of speach are made manifest. In figures of words which altogether consist in sweete repetitions and dimensions, is chiefly conuersant that pleasant and delicate tuning of the voyce, which resembleth the consent and harmonie of some well ordred song: In other figures of affections, the voyce is more manly, yet diuersly, according to the varietie of passions that are to bee expressed.
A sharpe voice is that in
Homer 1. Iliad.
before in license.
Virgil. 1. Aeneid. Ilioneus
his voyce is first milde, then sharpe, and so by degrees enhaunceth it selfe.
O regina! nouam cui condere Iupiter vrbem
Iustitiaque dedit gentes fraenare superbas,
Troes te miseri ventis maria omnia vecti
Oramus, prohibe infandos à nauibus ignes:
Parce pio generi, & propius res respice nostras.
Non nos aut ferro Lybicos populare penates
Venimus, aut raptas ad littora vertere pradas:
Non ea vis animo, nec tanta superbia victis.
Est locus, Hesperiam Graij cognomine dicunt,
Terra antiqua, potens armis atque vbere gleba,
Oenotrij coluêre viri: nunc fama, minores
Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem,
Huc cursus fuit.
Cum subito assurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion
In vada caeca tulit, penitus
que
procacibus austris
Dispulit: huc pauci vestris adnauimus oris.
Quod genus hoc hominum, quaeue hunc tam barbara morē
Permittit patria? hospitio prohibemur arenae:
Bella cient, prima
que
vetant consistere terra.
Si genus humanum, & mortalia temnitis arma,
At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi.
Rex erat AEneas nobis, quo iustior alter
Nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior & armis:
Quem si fata virum seruant, si vescitur aura
AEtheria, nec adhuc crudelibus occubat vmbris,
Non metus, officio ne te certare priorem
Paeniteat, sunt & Siculis regionibus vrbes,
Arma
que
, Troiano
que
à sanguine clarus Acestes.
Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem,
Et syluis aptare trabes, & stringere remos,
Si datur, Italiam socijs & rege recepto
Tendere, vt Italiam laeti Latium
que
petamus.
Sin absumpta salus, & te▪ pater optime Teucrûm,
Pontus habet Lybiae, nec spes iam restat Iuli,
At freta Sicaniae saltem, sedes
que
paratas,
Vnde huc aduecti, regem
que
petamus Acestem.
Sir Philip Sydney. 4.
Nay, said Philanax, speaking a lowd, & looking with a iust anger vpon the other Noble men, it is now season to heare Timantus idle sclanders, while strangers become our Lords, and Basilius murderers sit in his throne.
Salust. Iudith. 1.
Mais le vieillard Cambris, prince au reste tresdous
Gronde, tremble, pallit de'vn louable courrous:
Et rompant ce propos, d'vne vehement langage,
Le courage effraié des princes accourage,
Plustost dessus mes pies, Terre, creuasse toi,
Et dans ton sein ombreus, Beaute, englouti moi,
Plustost, ô iuste ciel
&c. As before.
A bitter, angrie, cholerike, and furious voyce is that.
Homer. 1. Iliad. Agamemnon.
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Virg. 4. AEneid. of Dido.
Talia dicentem iamdudum auersa tuetur,
Huc, illuc voluens oculos, totum
que
pererras
Luminibus tacitis, & sic accensa profatur.
Nec tibi diua parens generis, nec Dardanus autor
Perfide, sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens
Caucasus, Hyrcana
que
admorunt vbera tyres.
Nam quid dissimulo? aut quae me ad maior a reseruo?
Num fletis ingemuit nostro? num lumina flexit?
Num lachrymas victus dedit? aut miseratus amantē est?
Que quibus ante feram? iam iam nec maxima Iune,
Nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aquis.
Nusquam tuta fides. eiectum littore, egentem
Excepi, & regus demens in parte locaui:
Amissam classem, socios à morte redemi.
Heu furijs incensa feror: nunc augur Apollo,
Nunc Lycia sortes, nunc & Ioue missus ab alto
Interpres diuûm fert horrida iussa per auras.
Scilicet is superis labor est, ea cura quietos
Sollicitat. neque te teneo, neque dicta refello.
I, sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per vndas.
Spero equidem medijs, si quid pia numina possint,
Supplicia hausurum scopulis, & nomine Dido
Sapè vocaturum sequar atris ignibus absens:
Et cùm frigida mors anima seduxerit artus,
Omnibus vmbra locis adero: dabis improbe panas:
Audiam, & hac manes veniet mihi fama sub imos.
Especiallie there.
—Proh Iupiter, ibit,
Hic, ait, & nostris illuserit aduena regnis?
Non arma expedient, tota
que
ex vrbe sequentur?
Diripient
que
rates alij naualibus? ite,
Ferte citi flammas, dato tela, impellite remos:
Quid loquor? aut vbi sum? qua mentem insania mutat?
Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Gynecia.
O said Gynecia, how good leasure haue you to frame these scornfull answeres. Is Gynecia thus to be despised? am I so vile a worme in your sight? No, no, trust vnto it, hard hearted tygre, I will not be the only actor of this tragedie. Since I must fall, I will presse downe some others with my ruines. Since I must burne, my spitefull neighbours shall feele of my fire. Dooest thou not perceaue that my diligent eyes haue pearced through the clowdie maske of thy disguisement? Haue I not told thee ô foole, (if I were not much more foole) that I know thou wouldest abuse vs with thy outward shewe? wilt thou still attend the rage of loue in a womans heart? The girle thy well chosen Mistres, perchaunce shall defend thee, when Basilius shal know, how thou hast sotted his minde with falshood, and falsly sought the dishonour of his house. Beleeue it, beleeue it, vnkinde creature, I will ende my miseries with a notable example of reuenge: and that accursed cradle of mine shall feele the smart of my wound, thou of thy tyrany, & lastly
I confesse my selfe of my owne worke.
Torquat. Tass.
Torrismondo speaketh so almost in euerie part of Torrismondo.
Salust. Iudith 2.
—O prophete effronté,
Di moi quelle Sibylle, ou Tre-piè t'a dictè
Ces oracles certains? quel demon t'a fait croire
Que furles Syriens Isac aura victoire? Aster,
Meur, meur donques mechant: de tal ingue saussaire
Et de ton double coeur reç oi le deu salaire, &c.
Homer. 1. Il. Achilles to Agamemnon.
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Virgil. 2. Aeneid. Aeneas.
Talibus insidijs, periurique arte Sinouis
Credita res: capti
que
dolis, lachrymisque coactis,
Quos neque Tydides, neque Larissaus Achillet,
Non anni domuêre decem, non mille carinae.
Where, in the last verses euerie thing must be dilated and produced, the mouth opened, the vowells drawen out, that the Troyan calamitie may there especiallie appeare.
Sir Philip Sydney 1. Philanan to Basilius.
No he can not be good, that knowes not why hee is good, but stands so farre
good, as his fortune may keepe him vnassayled: but comming to that his rude simplicitie, is either easily changed, or easily deceaued, and so growes that to bee the last excuse of his fault, which seemed might haue been the first foundation of his faith.
Torquat. Tass. 4. Pluto.
Tartarei Numi, di seder più degni
Là sour' il sole, ond èl'origin vostra:
Che meco già dà i più felici regni
Spinse il gran caso in quest horribil chiostra:
Gli antichi altrui sospetti, è t ferisdegni
Noti son troppo, èl'alta impresa nostra:
Hor colui regge à suo voler le stelle,
Evoi siam giudicati alme rubelle.
A moderate, temperate, and stayed voyce is that:
Homer 1. Iliad. Calchas.
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Virgil. 2. Aeneid. Priamus to Sinon.
Quisquis es, amissos hinc tam obliuiscere Gratos,
Nostereris: mihi
que
haec edissere vera roganti:
Quò molem hanc immanis equistatuêre? quis autor?
Quidue petunt? quae relligio? aut qua machina belli?
Sir Philip Sydney 2. Cleophila to the people.
Heare therefore, ô Arcadians, and bee ashamed. Against whome hath this zealous rage been sturred? Whether haue you bent these manfull weapons of yours? In this quiet harmelesse Lodge there are harboured no Troyans your auncient enemies; nor Persians, whome you haue in present feare. Heere lodge none but such, as either you haue great cause to loue, or no cause to hate. &c.
Chapter 2. Of the application of the voyce to seuerall affections.
THese things bee common almost to anie kinde of affection: nowe a word or two of peculiar voyces applyable to certaine affections. In pitie and lamentation, the voyce must be full, sobbing, flexible, interrupted, as
Homer. Ρ. Iliad. Iupiter.
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.
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. &c.
Virgil. 4. Georg. Of Eurydice.
Illa, quis & me, inquit, miseram & te perdidit Orpheu?
Quis tantus furor? en iterum crudelia retrò
Fata vocant, conditque natantia lumina somnus.
Iamque vale. Feror ingenti circundata nocte,
Inualidasque tibi tendens, heu, non tua palmas.
1. Of Venus.
Atque illum tales iactantem pectore curas,
Tristior, & lachrymis oculos suffusa nitentes
Alloquitur Venus, ô qui res hominûmque deûmque
Aeternis regis imperijs, & fulmine terres.
Quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum,
Quid Troes potuêre, quibus tot funera passis,
Cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis, &c.
Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Philoclea to her selfe.
Ah silly soule, that couldest please thy selfe with so impossible imagination.
For Tasso and Salust. See miserie in Exclamation: and see also Addubitation.
Boscan. 2. Hero to Leander.
Mi dulce bien, mi dulce esposo, y dulce
Coraçon mio, por quien todo me es dulce,
Pudiste tu mi bien tan gran trabaio,
Y peligro passar como has passado?
Pudiste tu romper las fuertes ondas
Con la blanda ternez dessos tus pechos?
Y pude yo ponerte en auentura
De perderte en vnpunto, y de perderme?
Puede ponerte yo en tanto peligro,
Como ha sido passar, la mar anado?
Si fuera tu enemiga, que pudiero
Hazer mas contrati de lo que he hecho, &c.
In anger, shrill, sharpe, quicke, short.
Homer. 1. Iliad. Agamemnon to Chryseis.
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.
Virgil. 1. Aeneid. Neptune.
Eurum ad se Zephirúmque vocat, dehine talia fatur.
Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri,
Iam coelum terramque meo sine numine venti,
Miscere, & tantas audetis tollere moles?
Quos ego: sed prastas motos componere fluctus,
Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis.
Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro,
Non illi imperium pelagi, saeuúmque tridentem,
Sed mihi sorte datum: tenet ille immanta saxa,
Vestras, Eure, domes: illa se iactet in aula
Aeolus, & clauso ventorum carcere regnet.
Sir Philip Sydney 3. Of Basilius.
And therefore bending his browes, as though hee were not a man to take the matter as hee had done; What, said, hee, shall my Wife bee my Mistresse? Thinke you not that thus much time hath taught mee to rule her? I will mewe the Gentlewoman till shee haue cast all her feathers, if shee rowse her selfe against mee. And withall hee walked vp and downe, nodding his head as though they mistooke him much, that thought hee was not his wiues master.
In feare and bashfulnesse, contracted, stammering, trembling.
Such was Tullyes voyce in most of his beginnings.
So Helena to Priamus, in the Troyan Towre Homer. Iliad. 3. And, Vlisses to Nasicaa Alcinous his daughter,
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.
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. &c.
Virgil. 3. Aeneid. Aeneas of Andromache.
Vt me conspexit venientem, & Troia circum
Arma amens vidit: magnis exterrita monstris
Diriguit visu in medio, calor ossa reliquit,
Labitur, & longo vix tandem tempore fatur:
Verane te facies, verus mihi nuntius affers,
Nate Dea, Viuisne? aut si lux alma recessit,
Hector vbi est? dixit, lachrymasque effudit, & omnem,
Impleuit clamore locum,
Sir Philip Sydney 2. Philocea.
Alas how painfull a thing it is to a diuided minde to make a well ioyned aunswere?
Salust. Iudith 6. Iudith to Holophernes.
Si tost qu'ils sont dehors, Holoferne caresse
La tremblante Iudit. Cesse ó grand Prince, cesse,
(Dit la veufue) & pourquoi te veus tu tant hater
De cuellit le dous fruit qu' on ne te peut oter?
Mé toi donc daus le lit, ou, pont te heureuse, prendre,
Tes dous embrassemens, ie ne faudray me rendre,
Quand i'aurai decharge de tant' d'habillemens
Mon cors brulant d'amour, & flairant d'oignemens.
Boscan. 3. Aristeus.
Tu lo sabes Protheo, respondio el moço,
Tu lo sabes muy bien, pues nada puede
A tu grande saber ser escondido.
Yo vengo aqui por mandamiento expresso
Del'alta diuina sabiduria,
Y vengo te a pedir algun socorro,
A mi calamidad tan miserabile.
In ioy, gladnes, or pleasure, tender, mild, sweetlie flowing.
Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Musidorus when Pamela slept.
Lock vp faire lidds, the treasures of my heart,
Preserue those beames, this ages onlie light:
To her sweet sence, sweet sleepe, some ease impart,
Her sence too weake to beare her spirits might. &c.
Salust. Iudith. 6 Iudith.
Ouures (dit elle) ouures: car dieu nostre grand dieu
A froisse cete nuit la force Assyriene,
Et haussé iusq'au ciel la corne Isaciene.
In anguish and griefe of mind without compassion, a hollow voyce fetcht from the bottome of the throate, groaning.
Homer. 1. Iliad. Achilles.
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,
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. &c.
Virg. 1. AEneid. AEneas.
—ó terque quaterque beatos
Queis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis
Contigit oppetere▪ o Danaûm fortissime gentis
Tydide, mene Iliacis occumbere campis
Non potuisse? tua
que
animam hanc effundere dextra,
Saeuos vbi AEacidae telo iacet Hector: vbi ingens
Sarpedon: vbi tot Simois correpta sub vndis
Scuta virûm, galeas
que
, & fortia corpora voluit.
Sir Philip Sydney. 2. Gynecia.
O Deserts, Deserts, how fit a guest am I for you? since my heart is fuller of wild rauenous beasts, than euer you were.
Torquat. Tass. 4.
Ahi, quando mai la Tana, ò'l Reno, òl' Istro,
O l'inospite mare, ò'l mar vermiglio,
O l'onde Caspie, òl' Ocean profondo
Potran lauar occulta, e'ndegna colpa
Che mi tinse, e macchio le membra, e l' alma?
Viuo ancor dun
que
, e spiro, e veggio il sole?
Ne la luce del mondo ancor dimore?
E reson detto, e caualier m'appello?
La spada al fianco io porto, in man lo scettro
Ancor sostegno, e la corona in fronte?
E pur v' è chi m'inchina, ô chim' assorge,
E forse anchor chi m' ama: &c.
And a little after.
Ma che mipuò giouar, s'io non m'ascondo
A me medesmo? oime, son'io, son'io,
Quel che fuggito hor sono, e quel che fuggo:
Di me stesso ho vergogna▪ e scorno, & outa,
Odioso a me fatto, e graùe pondo.
Che gioua, ch'io non oda, e non pauenti
I detti, e'l mormorar del folle volgo,
O la'ccusi de▪ saggi, ò i fieri morsi
Di troppo acuto, o velenoso dente?
Si la mia propria conscienza a immonda
Altamente nel cor rimbomba, e mugge,
S'ella à vespro mi grida, & à le squille,
Se mi sueglia te notti, e rompe il sonno,
E mille miei confusi, e trifti sogni?
Misero me, non Cerbero, non Scilla
Cosilatrò, come io ne l'alma h
•
r sent
•
Il suo fiero latrar, non mostr
•
, od angu
•
Nel' Africa arenosa, od Hidra in Lerna,
O di Furia in Cocito empia cerasta
Morse giamai, com' ella rode, e morde.
In desiring, soothing, flattring, yeelding, gratifying, a smoothing and submisse voyce.
Homer. 1. Iliad. Thetis.
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, &c.
Virg. 1. Aen.
Ad quā tùm Iuno supplex his vocibus vsa est.
AEole (namque tibi, &c.
Aeneid. 4. Dido.
Mene fugis? per ego has lachrymas, &c.
1. AEneid. AEolus yeelding to Iuno.
AEolus hac contra: tuus, ô Regina, quid optes
Explorare labor, &c.
Elsewhere Aeneas to Dido.
O sola infandos Troiae miserata labores,
Qua nos relliquias, &c.
Sir Philip Sydney. 3. Gynecia.
By the happie woman that bare thee, by all the ioyes of thy heart, and successe of thy desire, I beseech thee, turne thy selfe into some consideration of me, and rather shewe pitie, in now helping me, than in too late repenting my death, which hourlie threatens me.
Torquat. Tass. 12. Clorinda dying to Tancred.
Amico, hai vinto: io ti perdon: perdona
Tù ancora: al corpo nò: che nulla paue:
Al' alma si, deh per lei prega: e dona
Battesmo à mè, ch' ogni sua macchia laue.
In queste voci languide risuona
Vn nonso che di stabile, e soaue
Ch' alcor gli serpe: & ogni sdegno ammorza:
Egl' occh
•
à lagrimar gl'inuoglia, e sforza.
Salust Iudith 4. Holofern.
Le tyran lui respond, ó dorure du monde,
O dame egalëment belle, honeste, & faconde,
Vous soiés bien-venue, & tou iour puissies vous
Auee contentement seiourner auec nous.
Si vous m'estes autant fidele & veritable,
Comme à l' oreille, & l' oeil ie vous trouue agreable,
Ie veus dor-en-auant-adorer ce grand dieu,
Qui seul est adorè de vostre peuple Hebrieu:
Ie veus que vous soiés dor-en-auant la dame
Non de mon sceptre seul, ains aussi de mon ame:
Ie veus que desormais vostre nom soit conu
Et del' Ebre, & du Gange, & del' Istre cornu.
Boscan. 3. Leander.
O Neptuno, que a ti quiero boluerme,
Y tornar otra vez à suplicarte,
Por estas tantas lagrimas que vierto,
Por el mal entran̄able que padesco,
Por la veiezy el llanto de mis padres,
Por el afrenta y por la muerte de Hero,
Por los dolores que de amor sentiste,
En el amor de quantas te he nombrado,
Que ataies esta mar que anda boluiendo,
A leuantar sus poderosas fuerças,
Contra vn hombre tanflaco y tan cuytado,
Como agora yo estoy en esta arena.
This shall suffice for the framing of our voyce both in single wordes and also in whole sentences. The practise and exercise is all in all: learne therfore some such speach wherein are contained all, or most varieties of voyce, and oftentimes vse to pronounce the same in such order and with as great heed as if thou were to vtter it in some great assemblie. Walking a litle after supper, annoynting, moderation of diet, and such like bodilie pleasures keepe the voyce in temper.
Cap. 3. Of action or gesture of the whole bodie.
HEtherto of voyce: now of gesture and action, which is both more excellent and more vniuersall than voyce: as belonging not onelie to those that vse the same speach, but generallie to all people, yea to beasts and senceles creatures, as the verie pictures which being dumme, yet speake by gesture and action. The gesture must followe the change and varietie of the voyce, answering thereunto in euerie respect: yet not parasiticallie as stage plaiers vse, but grauelie and decentlie as becommeth men of greater calling. Let the bodie therefore with a manlike and graue motion of his sides rather followe the sentence than expresse euerie particular word. Stand vpright & straight as nature hath appoynted: much wauering and ouercurious and nice motion is verie ridiculous.
Cap. 4. Of the gesture of the head, eyes, lipps, &c.
THus much of the whole body: now to the parts, and first the head. The holding downe of the head, and casting downe of the eyes betokeneth modestie.
Homer. 3. Iliad. of Helena.
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,
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, &c.
Virg. of Dido. 1. AEneid.
Tum breuiter Dido vultum demissa profatur,
Soluite corde metus, Teucri, &c.
And 3. AEneid of Andromache.
Deiecit vultum, & demissa voce loquuta est,
O faelix vna ante alias Priameia virgo, &c.
Sir Philip Sidney. 2. of Philoclea.
At length Philoclea, hauing a while mused how to wade betwixt her own hopeles affection, and her fathers vnbrideled hope, with blushing cheekes, and eyes cast downe to the ground, began to say. My father, to whom I owe my selfe, and therfore must performe all dueties vnto.
Torquat. Tass. 2 of Alete when he came to speake before Godfrey.
Mà la destra sipose Alete al seno,
E chinol▪ capo, epiego à terra i lumi,
E l'honoro con ogni modo à pieno,
Che disua gente portino i costumi:
Commincio poscia, e disua bocca vscieno,
Più che mel dolci, d' eloquentia i fiumi,
O degno sol, &c.
4. Of Armida speaking to the same Godfrey.
Esta a inchinollo riuerente, epoi
Vergognosetta non facea parola
Mà quei rossor, mà quei timori su
••
Rassicura il guerriero, e riconsola:
Si ch'i pensati inganni al fine spiega
In suon, che di dolcezza i sensilega.
So did Vlisses cast his eyes on the ground.
The countenance must turne with the bodie, vnlesse we cast aside the face in token of detestation or abhorring anie abominable thing.
Homer. Π. Iliad. of Iupiter.
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.
And Ζ. Iliad. of Pallas.
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.
Virg. 3. Aeneid. Achemenides of Polyphemus.
—dij talem terris auertite pestem.
3. Georg.
Dij meliora pijs, errorem
que
hostibus illum.
1. Aen. Of Pallas being angrie.
Diua solo fixos oculos auersa tenebat.
The shaking of the head noteth griefe and indignation: sometimes also compassion. A nodd is a token of a graunt.
Homer. 1. Iliad. Iupiter to Thetis.
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. &c.
The same Iupiter, Iliad. Ρ. when Hector had the spoyles of Patroclus.
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, &c.
Virg. 1. Aeneid. Iuno.
Tum quassans caput, hac effudit pectore dicta,
Heu stirpem inuisam, &c.
Sir Philip Sidney. 1. Pyrocles.
In so much that shaking his head, and deliuering some shewe of teares, he thus vttered his griefe: Alas, said he, Prince Musidorus, how cruellie you deale with me▪
To make often gesture with the head alone is forbidden. But the chiefest force of the head is in the countenance, and of the countenance, in the eyes, which expres liuelilie euen anie conceit or passion of the mind: as therfore the face & countenance must bee comelilie and orderlie composed, so the eyes verie diligentlie are to be regarded.
Homer. 3. Iliad. Menelaus.
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,
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, &c.
So, 1. Iliad, of Agamem. chafed.
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.
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.
There of Achilles.
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.
4. Of Vlisses and Diomedes.
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.
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.
Virg 2. AEneid.
At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera latus
Extulit, & caelo palmas cum voce tetendit,
Iupiter omnipotens, &c.
Sir Philip Sidney 2 of Gynecia.
Insomuch that hauing a great while cast her countenaunce gastlie about her, as if shee had calde all the powers of the world to bee witnes of her wretched estate, at length casting vp her watrie eyes to heauen; O sonne, said she, &c.
Torquat. Tass. 12.
Leuò al fin gli occhi'e disse, ò dio, che scerni
L' opre più occulto.
Salust. Iudith 6 of Iudith.
Etant donc de ce point saintement resoluë,
Vers le pole elle eleue & ses mains & sa veuë:
Et puis à basse vois prie ainsi l'Eternel.
O bon dieu &c.
Boscan. 3. of Leander.
Boluiendo al cielo sus cansados oios,
A los mayores dioses y menores, &c.
The lipps, nose, chin, shoulders must be also carefullie looked vnto and decentlie moderated; the particular ordering is left to euerie mans discretion.
Cap. 5. Of the gesture of the arme, hand, fingers, &c.
THe casting out of the right arme is as it were an arming of the speach, & becommeth continued and flowing sentences, where the verie speach it selfe seemeth to powre forth it selfe with the stretching out of the arme.
Homer. 1. Achilles to Calchas.
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,
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,
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,
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,
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.
Virg. 4. Dido.
Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat, &c.
Sir Philip Sid, 3. Gynecia.
The sauagest beasts are wonne with seruice, and there is no flint but may be mollified: how is Gynecia so vnworthie in thine eyes? or whom cannot aboundance of loue make worthie?
Torquat. Tass. 4. Godfredo to Armida.
Ben ti prometto, e tu per nobil pegno
Mia fe ne prendi, e vius in les sicura,
Che se mas sottrarrem dal grogo indegno
Queste sacre, e dal ciel dilette mura:
De ritornaris al tuo perduto regno
(Come pietà m'essorta) haurem poi cura:
Hor mi farebbe la pietà men pio,
ganzi il suo dritto io non rendessi à dio.
Salust Iudith. 3 Iudith.
Tous peches sont peches: mais ce peché surpasse
Tant d'enormes forfaits, dont notre aueugle audace
Fait guerre au sacré ciel: car par lui le seigneur
Est comme degradé de'ses titres d'honneur,
Pour les communiquer aux pierres cizeleés,
Aux trones, aux masses d'or subtilement moulées.
Garcilass. 1. Aeg. Salicius.
Con mi llorar las piedras enternecen
su natural dureza y la quebrantan,
los arboles parece que se inclinan,
las aues que m'escuchan, quando cantan.
Con diferente vozse condolecen,
Y mi morir cantando me adeuiuan.
Las fieras que reclinan,
su cuerpo fatigado,
dexan el sossegado,
suenno por escuchar mi llanto triste.
Tu sola contra mi t'endureciste,
los oios aun si quiera no boluiendo
a los que tu heziste,
salid sin duelo lagrimas corriendo.
Without the hand the gesture is nothing, yet a moderation is to be had in the gesture of the hand and fingers, that it rather follow than goe before and expresse the words.
V. Aen. 12.
At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem,
Nudato capite, atque suos clamore vocabat,
Quo ruitis? quaeue ista repens discordia surgit?
O cohibete iras, &c.
And there of Turnus.
Significatque manu, & magno simul incipit ore,
Parcite vos Rutuli, & vos tela inhibete Latini:
Quaecunque est fortuna, mea est &c.
There is no gesture of the left hand alone, but the left hand ioyned with the right is fit for addubitations or doubts, & obtestations or prayers, & verie much frequented.
Home. 1. Iliad of Achilles.
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.
There,
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.
Virgil. 1. Aeneid. Aeneas.
Ingemit, & duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Talia voce refert: ô terque quaterque beati,
Queis ante ora patrum, Troiae sub moenibus altis
Contigit oppetere, &c.
There Sinon.
Sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas.
And Cass.
Ad coelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra,
Lumina, nam tener as arcebant vincula palmas.
2. Aen.
At pater Anchises oculos ad sidera latus
Extulit, & coelo palmas cum voce tetendit, &c.
3. Aen.
—tendo
que
supinas
Ad caelum cum voce manus.
And,
At pater Anchises passie de littore palmis
Numina magna vocat.
4. of Iarbas.
Multa Iouem manibus supplex orasse supinis,
Iupiter omnipotens &c.
Torquat. Tass. 13. of Godfredo.
Giunge le palme, e fiamme gianti in zelo
Gli oechi riuolge, e parole al cielo.
Padre, e signor, &c.
Salust. Iudith. 2.
Dresse droit vers le pole, & ses mains, & ses ieus,
Puis parle en cete sortè: ô grand dieu qui presides, &c.
The clapping of the hands is fitter for the stage than the court.
Thus much of the whole hand: the parts follow: the middle finger meeting with
the thumbe and the other three stretched out, is an vrgent and instant gesture. The former finger stretched out doth point at or showe, when the other three are closed and kept in with the thumbe. In expostulating or declaring of anie thing, this former finger dooth affirme and asseuere, when it is somewhat inclined and bowed downe, the whole hand now and then somewhat lifted vp, and tending towards the shoulders. If it bee turned directly downe towards the ground, it vrgeth.
That gesture is verie fit for modest speaches and bashfull beginnings when the 4. first fingers a little going together in the ende, the hand it selfe is brought not farre from the mouth or breast of him that speaketh to those that heare, & then after turned downward, and somewhat spread abroad, it looseth againe.
Cap. 46. Of the gesture of other parts of the bodie.
FOR the other parts of the bodie, no man is almost ignorāt of the vnseemly gesture of them, as, to cast out the belly & breast: yet to strike the breast is
not
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